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The Monarch Butterfly has a very low 0.168 kg/m 2 wing loading The McDonnell Douglas MD-11 has a high 837 kg/m 2 maximum wing loading. In aerodynamics, wing loading is the total weight of an aircraft or flying animal divided by the area of its wing.
Aircraft flight mechanics are relevant to fixed wing (gliders, aeroplanes) and rotary wing (helicopters) aircraft.An aeroplane (airplane in US usage), is defined in ICAO Document 9110 as, "a power-driven heavier than air aircraft, deriving its lift chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surface which remain fixed under given conditions of flight".
The only type of Mach reflection possible in steady flow is direct-Mach reflection, in which the Mach stem is convex away from the oncoming flow, and the slip plane slopes towards the reflecting surface. By new results [3] [4] [5] there is a new configuration of shock waves - configuration with a negative angle of reflection in steady flow ...
The wind frame is a convenient frame to express the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on an aircraft. In particular, the net aerodynamic force can be divided into components along the wind frame axes, with the drag force in the −x w direction and the lift force in the −z w direction. Mnemonics to remember angle names
Law 1. A body continues in its state of rest, or in uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by a force. Law 2. A body acted upon by a force moves in such a manner that the time rate of change of momentum equals the force. Law 3. If two bodies exert forces on each other, these forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
When the weight of the aircraft is at or below the allowable limit(s) for its configuration (parked, ground movement, take-off, landing, etc.) and its center of gravity is within the allowable range, and both will remain so for the duration of the flight, the aircraft is said to be within weight and balance. Different maximum weights may be ...
In subsonic aerodynamics, the theory of lift is based upon the forces generated on a body and a moving gas (air) in which it is immersed. At airspeeds below about 260 kn (480 km/h; 130 m/s; 300 mph), air can be considered incompressible in regards to an aircraft, in that, at a fixed altitude , its density remains nearly constant while its ...
The corresponding study of gases in motion is called aerodynamics. Aerostatics studies density allocation, especially in air. One of the applications of this is the barometric formula. An aerostat is a lighter than air craft, such as an airship or balloon, which uses the principles of aerostatics to float.