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A dried cannabis flower. The short-term effects of cannabis are caused by many chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 113 [clarification needed] different cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and 120 terpenes, [1] which allow its drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body.
Cannabis plants produce a unique family of terpeno-phenolic compounds called cannabinoids, some of which produce the "high" which may be experienced from consuming marijuana. There are 483 identifiable chemical constituents known to exist in the cannabis plant, [53] and at least 85 different cannabinoids have been isolated from the plant. [54]
In the U.S., the National Institute on Drug Abuse defines medical cannabis as "using the whole, unprocessed marijuana plant or its basic extracts to treat symptoms of illness and other conditions". [ 14 ] A cannabis plant includes more than 400 different chemicals, of which about 70 are cannabinoids. [ 15 ]
Schiffnerula cannabis is a plant pathogen infecting hemp. It is one of the many 88 species of fungi which attack Cannabis and with time. [1] The black mildew of Cannabis, compared to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, and the problems it causes are often not extreme as opposed to the gray mold with the potential to wipe a crop in merely a week.
Cannabis withdrawal symptoms occur in half of people being treated for cannabis use disorders. [ 18 ] Symptoms may include dysphoria, anxiety, irritability, depression, restlessness, disturbed sleep, gastrointestinal symptoms, and decreased appetite. It is often paired with rhythmic movement disorder.
Cannabis plants can exhibit wide variation in the quantity and type of cannabinoids they produce. The mixture of cannabinoids produced by a plant is known as the plant's cannabinoid profile. Selective breeding has been used to control the genetics of plants and modify the cannabinoid profile.
Cannabis indica is an annual plant species in the family Cannabaceae [ 1 ] indigenous to the Hindu Kush mountains of Southern Asia. [ 2 ] The plant produces large amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) [ 3 ][better source needed] and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), with total cannabinoid levels being as high as 53.7% [scientific citation needed].
Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous flowering plant. The species was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. [ 1 ] The specific epithet sativa means 'cultivated'. Indigenous to Eastern Asia, the plant is now of cosmopolitan distribution due to widespread cultivation. [ 2 ]