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A variable reluctance sensor (commonly called a VR sensor) is a transducer that measures changes in magnetic reluctance. When combined with basic electronic circuitry, the sensor detects the change in presence or proximity of ferrous objects. With more complex circuitry and the addition of software and specific mechanical hardware, a VR sensor ...
A laser surface velocimeter (LSV) is a non-contact optical speed sensor measuring velocity and length on moving surfaces. Laser surface velocimeters use the laser Doppler principle to evaluate the laser light scattered back from a moving object. They are widely used for process and quality control in industrial production processes.
Cutaway view of an LVDT. Current is driven through the primary coil at A, causing an induction current to be generated through the secondary coils at B.. The linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) – also called linear variable displacement transformer, [1] linear variable displacement transducer, [2] or simply differential transformer [3] – is a type of electrical transformer used ...
Control loop feedback mechanism. A proportional–integral–derivative controller(PID controlleror three-term controller) is a feedback-based control loopmechanism commonly used to manage machines and processes that require continuous control and automatic adjustment.
A servomotor (or servo motor or simply servo) [1] is a rotary or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity, and acceleration in a mechanical system. [1][2] It constitutes part of a servomechanism, and consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback and a controller (often a ...
Mass flow sensor. A mass (air) flow sensor (MAF) is a sensor used to determine the mass flow rate of air entering a fuel-injected internal combustion engine. The air mass information is necessary for the engine control unit (ECU) to balance and deliver the correct fuel mass to the engine. Air changes its density with temperature and pressure.
Fiber-optic sensor. A fiber-optic sensor is a sensor that uses optical fiber either as the sensing element ("intrinsic sensors"), or as a means of relaying signals from a remote sensor to the electronics that process the signals ("extrinsic sensors"). Fibers have many uses in remote sensing.
In aviation, a variometer – also known as a rate of climb and descent indicator (RCDI), rate-of-climb indicator, vertical speed indicator (VSI), or vertical velocity indicator (VVI) – is one of the flight instruments in an aircraft used to inform the pilot of the rate of descent or climb. [1] It can be calibrated in metres per second, feet ...