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  2. Deprotonation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deprotonation

    Deprotonation (or dehydronation) is the removal (transfer) of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H +) from a Brønsted–Lowry acid in an acid–base reaction. [1][2] The species formed is the conjugate base of that acid. The complementary process, when a proton is added (transferred) to a Brønsted–Lowry base, is protonation (or ...

  3. Protonation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonation

    Protonation. In chemistry, protonation (or hydronation) is the adding of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), usually denoted by H +, to an atom, molecule, or ion, forming a conjugate acid. [1] (. The complementary process, when a proton is removed from a Brønsted–Lowry acid, is deprotonation.) Some examples include. The protonation of ...

  4. Proton-coupled electron transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-coupled_electron...

    Proton-coupled electron transfer. A Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons and protons from one atom to another. The term was originally coined for single proton, single electron processes that are concerted, [1] but the definition has relaxed to include many related processes.

  5. Wittig reagents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittig_reagents

    Wittig reagents are usually described as a combination of two resonance structures: Ph 3 P + CR 2− ↔ Ph 3 P=CR 2. The former is called the ylide form and the latter is called the phosphorane form, which is the more familiar representation. Crystallographic characterization of methylenetriphenylphosphorane shows that the phosphorus atom is ...

  6. tert-Butyllithium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tert-Butyllithium

    tert-Butyllithium is a chemical compound with the formula (CH 3) 3 CLi. As an organolithium compound, it has applications in organic synthesis since it is a strong base, capable of deprotonating many carbon molecules, including benzene. tert -Butyllithium is available commercially as solutions in hydrocarbons (such as pentane); it is not ...

  7. Phosphonium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonium

    Phosphonium. Appearance. Phosphonium ion. Structure of PH+4, the parent phosphonium cation. In chemistry, the term phosphonium (more obscurely: phosphinium) describes polyatomic cations with the chemical formula P R+4 (where R is a hydrogen or an alkyl, aryl, or halide group). These cations have tetrahedral structures.

  8. Reimer–Tiemann reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reimer–Tiemann_reaction

    The direct formylation of aromatic compounds can be accomplished by various methods such as the Gattermann reaction, Gattermann–Koch reaction, Vilsmeier–Haack reaction, or Duff reaction; however, in terms of ease and safety of operations, the Reimer–Tiemann reaction is often the most advantageous route chosen in chemical synthesis. Of the ...

  9. Thermodynamic versus kinetic reaction control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_versus...

    Thermodynamic reaction control or kinetic reaction control in a chemical reaction can decide the composition in a reaction product mixture when competing pathways lead to different products and the reaction conditions influence the selectivity or stereoselectivity. The distinction is relevant when product A forms faster than product B because ...

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