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The signs and symptoms of these may present during a dive, on surfacing, or up to several hours after a dive. The principal conditions are decompression illness (which covers decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism), nitrogen narcosis, high pressure nervous syndrome, oxygen toxicity, and pulmonary barotrauma (burst lung).
Scuba diving therapy. Scuba diving therapy is a type of treatment that consists of a variety of scuba diving activities and exercises. Essential elements are increased body awareness, social bonding, and breathing techniques. The goal is to improve physical and psychological well-being. [1]
Diving medicine, also called undersea and hyperbaric medicine (UHB), is the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of conditions caused by humans entering the undersea environment. It includes the effects on the body of pressure on gases, the diagnosis and treatment of conditions caused by marine hazards and how relationships of a diver's fitness ...
In the United States, it is common for medical insurance not to cover treatment for the bends that is the result of recreational diving. This is because scuba diving is considered an elective and "high-risk" activity and treatment for decompression sickness is expensive.
Gas embolism is a diving disorder experienced by underwater divers who breathe gases at ambient pressure, and can happen in two distinct ways: . Pulmonary barotrauma: Air bubbles can enter the bloodstream as a result of gross trauma to the lining of the lung following a rapid ascent while holding the breath; the air held within the lung expands to the point where the tissues tear (pulmonary ...
Oxygen toxicity is a catastrophic hazard in scuba diving, because a seizure results in high risk of death by drowning. [39] [73] The seizure may occur suddenly and with no warning symptoms. [19] The effects are sudden convulsions and unconsciousness, during which victims can lose their regulator and drown.
It has been reported in scuba divers, [4] [5] apnea (breath hold) free-diving competitors, [6] combat swimmers, and triathletes. [2] [7] The causes are incompletely understood as of 2010. [2] [8] [9] Some authors believe that SIPE may be the leading cause of death among recreational scuba divers, but there is insufficient evidence at present. [3]
Treatment of diving barotrauma depends on the symptoms, which depend on the affected tissues. Lung over-pressure injury may require a chest drain to remove air from the pleura or mediastinum. Recompression with hyperbaric oxygen therapy is the definitive treatment for arterial gas embolism, as the raised pressure reduces bubble size, the ...