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The bronchioles (/ ˈ b r ɑː ŋ k i oʊ l s / BRONG-kee-ohls) are the smaller branches of the bronchial airways in the lower respiratory tract.They include the terminal bronchioles, and finally the respiratory bronchioles that mark the start of the respiratory zone delivering air to the gas exchanging units of the alveoli.
The respiratory tract can also be divided into a conducting zone and a respiratory zone, based on the distinction of transporting gases or exchanging them. The conducting zone includes structures outside of the lungs – the nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea, and structures inside the lungs – the bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal ...
The conducting zone of the respiratory tract ends at the terminal bronchioles when they branch into the respiratory bronchioles. This marks the beginning of the terminal respiratory unit called the acinus which includes the respiratory bronchioles, the alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. [27] An acinus measures up to 10 mm in diameter. [28]
The ducts number between two and eleven from each bronchiole. [10] Each duct opens into five or six alveolar sacs into which clusters of alveoli open. Each terminal respiratory unit is called an acinus and consists of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. New alveoli continue to form until the age of eight years.
This blood gas barrier is extremely thin (in humans, on average, 2.2 μm thick). It is folded into about 300 million small air sacs called alveoli [23] (each between 75 and 300 μm in diameter) branching off from the respiratory bronchioles in the lungs, thus providing an extremely large surface area (approximately 145 m 2) for gas exchange to ...
The interbronchiolar channels of Martin have a diameter of 30 μm and are found between respiratory bronchioles and terminal bronchioles of adjacent segments. [6] The diameter of these channels is given as between 80 and 150 μm in other sources. [7] [1] Interlobular channels have been described as short and tubular with a diameter of 200 μm. [1]
"He wouldn't let me go inside. And he choked me (unintelligible) in the hallway," she said. "He blocked the door so I couldn't go inside, and when I did go inside, he chased me upstairs.
The cells in the respiratory epithelium are of five main types: a) ciliated cells, b) goblet cells, c) brush cells, d) airway basal cells, and e) small granule cells (NDES) [6] Goblet cells become increasingly fewer further down the respiratory tree until they are absent in the terminal bronchioles; club cells take over their role to some extent here. [7]