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The first newly built Protestant church was the court chapel of Neuburg Castle in 1543, followed by the court chapel of Hartenfels Castle in Torgau, consecrated by Martin Luther on 5 October 1544. Images and statues were sometimes removed in disorderly attacks and unofficial mob actions (in the Netherlands called the Beeldenstorm).
Protestant churches reject the idea of a celibate priesthood and thus allow their clergy to marry. [22] Many of their families contributed to the development of intellectual elites in their countries. [166] Since about 1950, women have entered the ministry in most Protestant churches, and some have assumed leading positions (e.g. bishops).
A parish church is a church built to meet the needs of people localised in a geographical area called a parish. The vast majority of Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran church buildings fall into this category. A parish church may also be a basilica, a cathedral, a conventual or collegiate church, or a place of pilgrimage.
The low church party is more Protestant in both ceremony and theology. [73] It has emphasized the significance of the Protestant aspects of the Church of England's identity, stressing the importance of the authority of Scripture, preaching, justification by faith and personal conversion. [72]
The Baptist, Methodist, and Lutheran churches are generally considered to be Protestant denominations, although strictly speaking, of these three, only the Lutherans took part in the official Protestation at Speyer after the decree of the Second Diet of Speyer mandated the burning of Luther's works and the end of the Protestant Reformation.
The chancel was regarded as the clergy's part of the church, and any choirboys from a choir school counted as part of the clergy for this purpose. After the Reformation, when the number of clergy present even in large churches and cathedrals tended to reduce, and lay singing choirs became more frequent, there were often objections to placing ...
Anglicanism – churches with historical connections to the Church of England. Arminianism – a Protestant theological movement based on the teachings of Jacobus Arminius. Calvinism – a Protestant theological system based in large part on the teachings of John Calvin, a reformer.
Many churches of abbey foundation, are or previously were, part of a monastic complex that includes dormitories, refectory, cloisters, library, chapter house and other such buildings. In many parts of the world, abbey churches frequently served the local community as well as the monastic community.