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The results of the therapy are non-specific, especially if directed eye movements are irrelevant to the results. When these movements are removed, what remains is a broadly therapeutic interaction and deceptive marketing. [18] [57] According to Yale neurologist Steven Novella:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy Francine Shapiro (February 18, 1948 – June 16, 2019) was an American psychologist and educator who originated and developed eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a form of psychotherapy for resolving the symptoms of traumatic and other disturbing life experiences.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: a back and forth eye movement that helps patients process traumatic events. Acceptance and commitment therapy: focuses on accepting the traumatic event rather than challenging it. [11] CBT is strongly recommended for treatment of PTSD by the American Psychological Association. [12]
An example of eye movement over a photograph over the span of just two seconds. Eye movement includes the voluntary or involuntary movement of the eyes. Eye movements are used by a number of organisms (e.g. primates, rodents, flies, birds, fish, cats, crabs, octopus) to fixate, inspect and track visual objects of interests.
Orthoptic vision therapy, also known as orthoptics, is a field pertaining to the evaluation and treatment of patients with disorders of the visual system with an emphasis on binocular vision and eye movements. [13]
Purple hat therapy has been used as an analogue for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing since it takes established exposure therapy and adds non-science based activities such as eye movement as a "purple hat". [6]
Reiki, a Japanese touch technique, deals with movement of hands on the body and is often used for stress reduction. [10] Massage therapy involves kneading different parts of the body with some pressure. [11] This form of touch therapy breaks down tissue tensions, and restores normal lengths to the tendons, thus reducing stress. [10]
Orthoptics is a profession allied to the eye care profession. Orthoptists are the experts in diagnosing and treating defects in eye movements and problems with how the eyes work together, called binocular vision. These can be caused by issues with the muscles around the eyes or defects in the nerves enabling the brain to communicate with the eyes.