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Las castas.Casta painting showing 16 racial groupings. Anonymous, 18th century, oil on canvas, 148×104 cm, Museo Nacional del Virreinato, Tepotzotlán, Mexico Casta (Spanish:) is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier.
In the Latin American context, the term caste is sometimes used to describe the casta system of racial classification, based on whether a person was of pure European, Indigenous or African descent, or some mix thereof, with the different groups being placed in a racial hierarchy; however, despite the etymological connection between the Latin ...
Very generally speaking ethno-racial relations can be arranged on an axis between the two extremes of European and Indigenous American cultural and biological heritage, this is a remnant of the colonial Spanish caste system which categorized individuals according to their perceived level of biological mixture between the two groups.
In Hispanic America, criollo (Spanish pronunciation:) is a term used originally to describe people of full Spanish descent born in the viceroyalties.In different Latin American countries, the word has come to have different meanings, mostly referring to the local-born majority.
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The "birth of the racial caste system" started in Hispaniola, argues "Stateless" documentary filmmaker Michèle Stephenson, and endures in its recent laws.
In 1821 with Mexican Independence from Spain, the new nation abolished the colonial-era, legal racial categories, with unequal privileges and restrictions. The various casta terms generally fell out of popular usage and eventually a new, all-encompassing Mexican Mestizo identity emerged.
Monument to the Mestizaje in Mexico City, showing Hernan Cortes, La Malinche and their son, Martín Cortes, one of the first mestizos in Mexico.. When the term mestizo and the caste system were introduced to Mexico is unknown, but the earliest surviving records categorizing people by "qualities" (as castes were known in early colonial Mexico) are late-18th-century church birth and marriage ...