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On March 1, 1999, the center was officially renamed the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, in honor of John Glenn, who was a fighter pilot, astronaut (the first American to orbit the Earth) and a politician. As early as 1951, researchers at the LFPL were studying the combustion processes in liquid rocket engines. [1]
Johnson Space Center (JSC) is NASA’s center for human spaceflight training, research and flight control. Created as the Manned Spacecraft Center on November 1, 1961, the facility consists of a complex of 100 buildings constructed in 1962–1963 on 1,620 acres (660 ha) of land donated by Rice University in Houston, Texas. [ 32 ]
The facility, located at NASA's Plum Brook Station of the Glenn Research Center near Sandusky, Ohio, was built in 1968. Its first major use was for testing stages of the Centaur Rocket, which was used to launch some of America's most important space probes. [2] The facility was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985. [1]
The aluminum test chamber is a vacuum-tight aluminum plate vessel that is 100 feet (30 m) in diameter and 122 feet (37 m) high. Designed for an external pressure of 2.5 psi (17 kPa) and internal pressure of 5 psi (34 kPa), the chamber is constructed of Type 5083 aluminum which is a clad on the interior surface with a 1 ⁄ 8 in (3.2 mm) thick type 3003 aluminum for corrosion resistance.
The minimum distance between Earth and Mars has been declining over the years, and in 2003 the minimum distance was 55.76 million km, nearer than any such encounter in almost 60,000 years (57,617 BC). The record minimum distance between Earth and Mars in 2729 will stand at 55.65 million km.
The Zero Gravity Research Facility was built in 1966 as part of NASA's Centaur upper-stage rocket development program. In order to ensure proper firing and functioning of upper-stage rockets, NASA needed to understand the behavior of fluids (importantly, the liquid gases fueling the rockets), in the reduced gravity where they would fire.
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Samples from the surface of Mars are transported into orbit by the rocket, where a ship can collect them and return them to Earth. [5] [6] Nuclear electric propulsion spacecraft, developed in 2012. [7] The idea is that the spacecraft could transport a team of 6 astronauts into orbit around Mars for 400 days, and then return them to Earth.