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Porosity is a fraction between 0 and 1, typically ranging from less than 0.005 for solid granite to more than 0.5 for peat and clay. The porosity of a rock, or sedimentary layer, is an important consideration when attempting to evaluate the potential volume of water or hydrocarbons it may contain.
Porosity influences fluid storage in geothermal systems, oil and gas fields, and aquifers, making it evident that it plays a significant role in geology. Fluid movement and transport across geological formations, as well as the link between the bulk properties of the rock and the characteristics of particular minerals, are controlled by the ...
The porosity is a measure of the total pore space in the soil. This is defined as a fraction of volume often given in percent. The amount of porosity in a soil depends on the minerals that make up the soil and on the amount of sorting occurring within the soil structure.
As the primary minerals in soil parent material weather, the elements combine into new and colourful compounds. Iron forms secondary minerals of a yellow or red colour, [117] organic matter decomposes into black and brown humic compounds, [118] and manganese [119] and sulfur [120] can form black mineral deposits. These pigments can produce ...
Effective porosity is most commonly considered to represent the porosity of a rock or ... total porosity minus shale water, where solid minerals and the volume of ...
The mineral grains can be dissolved when there is fluid flow. The spaces originally occupied by the minerals will be spare as voids, increasing the porosity of rock. [2] The minerals that are usually dissolved are feldspar, calcite and quartz. [1] Grain dissolution pores results from this process can enhance porosity.
Soil mineral particles are both separated and bridged by organic matter breakdown products, and soil biota exudates, making the soil easy to work. Cultivation, earthworms, frost action and rodents mix the soil and decrease the size of the peds. This structure allows for good porosity and easy movement of air and water.
Fresh travertines vary widely in their porosity, from about 10% to 70%. Ancient ones may have porosities as low as 2% due to crystallization of secondary calcite in the original pore spaces, while some of the fresh aragonite travertine at Mammoth Hot Springs in Wyoming has a porosity greater than 80%. A porosity of about 50% is typical for cold ...