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  2. Maximum a posteriori estimation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_a_posteriori...

    It is closely related to the method of maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, but employs an augmented optimization objective which incorporates a prior density over the quantity one wants to estimate. MAP estimation is therefore a regularization of maximum likelihood estimation, so is not a well-defined statistic of the Bayesian posterior ...

  3. Laplace's approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace's_approximation

    where ^ is the location of a mode of the joint target density, also known as the maximum a posteriori or MAP point and is the positive definite matrix of second derivatives of the negative log joint target density at the mode = ^. Thus, the Gaussian approximation matches the value and the log-curvature of the un-normalised target density at the ...

  4. Posterior probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_probability

    From a given posterior distribution, various point and interval estimates can be derived, such as the maximum a posteriori (MAP) or the highest posterior density interval (HPDI). [4] But while conceptually simple, the posterior distribution is generally not tractable and therefore needs to be either analytically or numerically approximated.

  5. Viterbi algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viterbi_algorithm

    The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm for obtaining the maximum a posteriori probability estimate of the most likely sequence of hidden states—called the Viterbi path—that results in a sequence of observed events.

  6. Bayes estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes_estimator

    In estimation theory and decision theory, a Bayes estimator or a Bayes action is an estimator or decision rule that minimizes the posterior expected value of a loss function (i.e., the posterior expected loss).

  7. Dogs don't actually age 7 times faster than humans, new study ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/dogs-dont-actually-age-7...

    Say you have a 4-year-old Labrador named Comet — with the new equation, Comet's real "dog age" would be slightly older than 53. The reason for the difference is actually pretty simple.

  8. Expectation–maximization algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation–maximization...

    The EM method was modified to compute maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates for Bayesian inference in the original paper by Dempster, Laird, and Rubin. Other methods exist to find maximum likelihood estimates, such as gradient descent, conjugate gradient, or variants of the Gauss–Newton algorithm. Unlike EM, such methods typically require the ...

  9. Credible interval - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credible_interval

    Credible regions are not unique, as any given probability distribution has an infinite number of -credible regions, i.e. regions of probability .For example, in the univariate case, there are multiple definitions for a suitable interval or region: