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Episiotomy, also known as perineotomy, is a surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall generally done by an obstetrician. This is usually performed during the second stage of labor to quickly enlarge the aperture, allowing the baby to pass through.
Perineoplasty (also perineorrhaphy) denotes the plastic surgery procedures used to correct clinical conditions (damage, defect, deformity) of the vagina and the anus. [1] [2] [3] Among the vagino-anal conditions resolved by perineoplasty are vaginal looseness, vaginal itching, damaged perineum, fecal incontinence, genital warts, dyspareunia, vaginal stenosis, vaginismus, vulvar vestibulitis ...
Perineal pain after childbirth has immediate and long-term negative effects for women and their babies. These effects can interfere with breastfeeding and the care of the infant. [13] The pain from injection sites and possible episiotomy is managed by the frequent assessment of the report of pain from the mother. Pain can come from possible ...
A sitz bath or hip bath is a bathtub in which a person sits in water up to the hips. [1] It is used to relieve discomfort and pain in the lower part of the body, for example, due to hemorrhoids (piles), anal fissures, perianal fistulas, rectal surgery, an episiotomy, uterine cramps, inflammatory bowel disease, pilonidal cysts and infections of the bladder, prostate or vagina.
The fourchette may be torn during delivery due to the sudden stretching of the vulval orifice, or during copulation. To prevent this tearing in a haphazard manner, obstetricians and, less frequently, midwives may perform an episiotomy, which is a deliberate cut made in the perineum starting from the fourchette and continuing back along the perineum toward the anus.
For years an episiotomy was thought to help prevent more extensive vaginal tears and heal better than a natural tear. Perineal tears can occur at the vaginal opening as the baby's head passes through, especially if the baby descends quickly. Tears can involve the perineal skin or extend to the
The recess in the middle serves to protect the perineum, the vaginal entrance, the anus and the coccyx from pressure due to the bodyweight. Donut seat cushions facilitate pain-free or at least pain-reduced sitting for women after childbirth , when an episiotomy or perineal tear has been sutured, and promote healing of the perineal suture.
It can also be used for pain relief from episiotomy or perineal lacerations [6] [8] Pudendal anesthesia is used during operative vaginal delivery which includes the use of forceps. [7] It is best used in addition to epidural anesthesia because the pudendal nerve block alone is not usually sufficient to treat the pain. [ 7 ]