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  2. Symbiogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiogenesis

    Some mitochondria and some plastids contain single circular DNA molecules that are similar to the DNA of bacteria both in size and structure. [71] Genome comparisons suggest a close relationship between mitochondria and Alphaproteobacteria. [72] Genome comparisons suggest a close relationship between plastids and cyanobacteria. [73]

  3. Phylogenetic comparative methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_comparative...

    Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) use information on the historical relationships of lineages (phylogenies) to test evolutionary hypotheses.The comparative method has a long history in evolutionary biology; indeed, Charles Darwin used differences and similarities between species as a major source of evidence in The Origin of Species.

  4. Evidence of common descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent

    Comparative sequence analysis examines the relationship between the DNA sequences of different species, [1] producing several lines of evidence that confirm Darwin's original hypothesis of common descent. If the hypothesis of common descent is true, then species that share a common ancestor inherited that ancestor's DNA sequence, as well as ...

  5. Kleptoplasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleptoplasty

    The stability of transient plastids varies considerably across plastid-retaining species. In the dinoflagellates Gymnodinium spp. and Pfiesteria piscicida , kleptoplastids are photosynthetically active for only a few days, while kleptoplastids in Dinophysis spp. , taken from cryptophytes [ 5 ] , can be stable for 2 months. [ 1 ]

  6. Dinoflagellate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinoflagellate

    The dinoflagellate nucleus was termed 'mesokaryotic' by Dodge (1966), [36] due to its possession of intermediate characteristics between the coiled DNA areas of prokaryotic bacteria and the well-defined eukaryotic nucleus. This group, however, does contain typically eukaryotic organelles, such as Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. [37]

  7. Endosymbiont - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosymbiont

    Roughly 2.2 billion years ago an archaeon absorbed a bacterium through phagocytosis, that eventually became the mitochondria that provide energy to almost all living eukaryotic cells. Approximately 1 billion years ago, some of those cells absorbed cyanobacteria that eventually became chloroplasts , organelles that produce energy from sunlight ...

  8. Plastid evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastid_evolution

    The first plastid is highly accepted within the scientific community to be derived from the engulfment of cyanobacteria ancestor into a eukaryotic organism. [4] Evidence supporting this belief is found in many morphological similarities such as the presence of a two plasma membranes. It is thought that the first membrane belonged to the ...

  9. Paternal mtDNA transmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternal_mtDNA_transmission

    Paternal mtDNA inheritance in animals varies. For example, in Mytilidae mussels, paternal mtDNA "is transmitted through the sperm and establishes itself only in the male gonad." [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In testing 172 sheep , "The Mitochondrial DNA from three lambs in two half-sib families were found to show paternal inheritance."

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