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  2. ModR/M - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ModR/M

    Under MIB addressing, the base and displacement are used to compute an effective address as base + displacement. [ 1 ] : §3.1.1.3 The register specified by the SIB byte's INDEX field does not participate in this effective-address calculation, but is instead treated as a separate input argument to the instructions using this addressing mode.

  3. Base address - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_address

    In computing, a base address is an address serving as a reference point ("base") for other addresses. Related addresses can be accessed using an addressing scheme . Under the relative addressing scheme, to obtain an absolute address , the relevant base address is taken and an offset (aka displacement) is added to it.

  4. 12-bit computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-bit_computing

    In computer architecture, 12-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are 12 bits (1.5 octets) wide. Also, 12-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures are those that are based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size.

  5. Memory paging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_paging

    In computer operating systems, memory paging (or swapping on some Unix-like systems) is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage [a] for use in main memory. [1] In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages.

  6. Orthogonal instruction set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_instruction_set

    Direct address: ADD.A address 1 — add the value stored at address 1; Memory indirect: ADD.M address 1 — read the value in address 1, use that value as another address and add that value; Many ISAs also have registers that can be used for addressing as well as math tasks. This can be used in a one-address format if a single address register ...

  7. Position-independent code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position-independent_code

    The invention of dynamic address translation (the function provided by an MMU) originally reduced the need for position-independent code because every process could have its own independent address space (range of addresses). However, multiple simultaneous jobs using the same code created a waste of physical memory.

  8. Addressing mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addressing_mode

    An addressing mode specifies how to calculate the effective memory address of an operand by using information held in registers and/or constants contained within a machine instruction or elsewhere. In computer programming, addressing modes are primarily of interest to those who write in assembly languages and to compiler writers.

  9. Capability-based addressing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capability-based_addressing

    In computer science, capability-based addressing is a scheme used by some computers to control access to memory as an efficient implementation of capability-based security.