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Hazards in the workplace can be seen as a combination of the physical demands of the work and the complexity of the work. Job resources provide a buffering effect that protects the employees from job demands like high work pressure, an unfavorable physical environment, and emotionally demanding interactions. [26]
Studies on leadership style are conducted [2] in the military field, expressing an approach that stresses a holistic view of leadership, including how a leader's physical presence determines how others perceive that leader. The factors of physical presence in this context include military bearing, physical fitness, confidence, and resilience.
Personal development is an important aspect of leadership. [13] The need for programs and courses specializing in personal development is widely accepted across a variety of fields from science [14] to religion. [15] Leadership programs focus on both the outward display or leadership and the inward attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs.
Physical expressions like waving, pointing, touching and slouching are all forms of nonverbal communication. The study of body movement and expression is known as kinesics . Humans move their bodies when communicating because as research has shown, it helps "ease the mental effort when communication is difficult."
Another important aspect to have effective workplace communication is taking into consideration the different backgrounds of employees. "While diversity enriches the environment, it can also cause communication barriers." [2] Difficulties arise when a coworker's cultural background leads him or her to think differently than another.
Oral communication and teamwork were ranked number 1 and 2 respectively among 15 job skills that executives and hiring managers identified as very important for new employees in a large US 2018 survey. [24] But employers have trouble finding new employees with good oral communication because schools are not teaching the skills. [25]
Assertive communication has positive effects on both the communicator and the receiver. Some positive effects include the communicator feeling connected to others, feeling in control of their lives, and can grow as individuals because they can address and solve issues as they arise and create a respectful environment for others. [10]
The communication skills required for successful communication are different for source and receiver. For the source, this includes the ability to express oneself or to encode the message in an accessible way. [8] Communication starts with a specific purpose and encoding skills are necessary to express this purpose in the form of a message.