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The Federal Reserve's present-day dual mandate monetary policy objectives to keep prices stable and unemployment low has replaced past practices under a gold standard where the main concern was the gold equivalent of the local currency, or under a gold exchange standard where the concern is fixing the exchange rate versus another gold ...
The seven-member Board of Governors is the main governing body of the Federal Reserve System. It is charged with overseeing the 12 District Reserve Banks and with helping implement national monetary policy. Governors are appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate for staggered, 14-year terms. [22]
Monetary reform, the reform of monetary creation and thus of the banking system, is a topical political issue in the United States, especially in light of the public debt (15 trillion dollar in November 2011), [1] household debt (student debts, etc.), Social Security and other public sector undertakings and state debts.
The different types of policy are also called monetary regimes, in parallel to exchange-rate regimes. A fixed exchange rate is also an exchange-rate regime. The gold standard results in a relatively fixed regime towards the currency of other countries following a gold standard and a floating regime towards those that are not.
Monetary policy is important for investing, but it also has a broader reach across the overall economy. A better understanding of monetary policy can make you a savvier citizen and a smarter investor.
The Chairman was also required to appear before Congress at semi-annual hearings to report on the conduct of monetary policy, on economic development, and on the prospects for the future. The Federal Reserve Act has been amended by some 200 subsequent laws of Congress. It continues to be one of the principal banking laws of the United States.
The act explicitly established price stability as a national policy goal for the first time. [3] It also required quarterly reports to Congress "concerning the ranges of monetary and credit aggregates for the upcoming 12 months." [4] It also modified the selection of the Class B and C Reserve Bank Directors.
A central bank, reserve bank, national bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union. [1] In contrast to a commercial bank , a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the monetary base .