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The gabapentinoids are 3-substituted derivatives of GABA; hence, they are GABA analogues, as well as γ-amino acids. [3] [4] Specifically, pregabalin is (S)-(+)-3-isobutyl-GABA, phenibut is 3-phenyl-GABA, [28] and gabapentin is a derivative of GABA with a cyclohexane ring at the 3 position (or, somewhat inappropriately named, 3-cyclohexyl-GABA).
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, a GABA-B receptor agonist. A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other effects such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects. [1] There are three receptors of the gamma-aminobutyric acid. The ...
A GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI) is a type of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) by blocking the action of the gamma-Aminobutyric acid transporters (GATs). This in turn leads to increased extracellular concentrations of GABA and therefore an increase in GABAergic neurotransmission. [1]
A GABA analogue is a compound which is an analogue or derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) (the IUPAC of which is 4-aminobutanoic acid). Many GABA analogues are used as drugs , especially as anticonvulsants , sedatives , and anxiolytics .
As with all other antiepileptic drugs approved by the FDA, gabapentin is labeled for an increased risk of suicide. Lower doses are recommended in those with kidney disease. [7] Gabapentin was first approved for use in the United Kingdom in 1993. [16] It has been available as a generic medication in the United States since 2004. [17]
GABOB is a GABA receptor agonist. [6] It has two stereoisomers, and shows stereoselectivity in its actions. [6] Specifically, (R)-(–)-GABOB is a moderate-potency agonist of the GABA B receptor, while (S)-(+)-GABOB is a partial agonist of the GABA B receptor and an agonist of the GABA A receptor. [6]
Alipogene tiparvovec (Glybera): AAV-based treatment for lipoprotein lipase deficiency (no longer commercially available) Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta): treatment for large B-cell lymphoma [1] Beremagene geperpavec (Vyjuvek): treatment of wounds. [2] Betibeglogene autotemcel (Zynteglo): treatment for beta thalassemia [3]
In general these drugs produce stimulant and convulsant effects, and are mainly used for counteracting overdoses of sedative drugs. Examples include bicuculline, securinine and metrazol, and the benzodiazepine GABA A receptor antagonist flumazenil. Other agents which may have GABA A receptor antagonism include the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, [1 ...