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Thomas Aquinas OP (/ ə ˈ k w aɪ n ə s / ⓘ ə-KWY-nəs; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino '; c. 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian [ 6 ] Dominican friar and priest , the foremost Scholastic thinker, [ 7 ] as well as one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in the Western tradition. [ 8 ]
The critical edition of Aquinas's works is the ongoing edition commissioned by Pope Leo XIII (1882-1903), the so-called Leonine Edition. Abbé Migne published an edition of the Summa Theologiae, in four volumes, as an appendix to his Patrologiae Cursus Completus. English editions: Joseph Rickaby (London, 1872), J. M. Ashley (London, 1888).
The work was originally written circa 1256–1259, during Aquinas's first period in Paris. [2] [3] It is one of the few of Aquinas's works for which the original dictation (for questions 2 to 22) still exists. [3] This determination was made by A. Dondaine of the Leonine Commission in 1956, and is generally accepted by scholars. [4]
In his treatise, Aquinas "demonstrated that there was a theological harmony between the Greek Church Fathers and the Latin Church". [5] He pointed out that one source of misunderstandings between Greeks and Latins was the difficulty of finding appropriate words in each language with which to translate technical theological terms used in the other:
Aquinas uses the term "motion" in his argument, but by this he understands any kind of "change", more specifically a transit from potentiality to actuality. [14] (For example, a puddle growing to be larger would be counted inside the boundaries of Aquinas' usage.)
Aquinas breaks the question down into four articles. The first article is on law's relation to reason. Aquinas believes that reason is the first thing human acts upon; “the source in any kind of thing is the measure and rule of that kind of thing…and so we conclude that law belongs to reason.” The second is on law's relation to the common ...
The Editio Leonina or Leonine Edition is the edition of the works of Saint Thomas Aquinas originally sponsored by Pope Leo XIII in 1879.. The Leonine Commission (Commissio leonina) is the group of scholars working on the ongoing project of critically editing the works of Aquinas.
The Oxford Handbook of Aquinas is a book edited by the Catholic philosophers Brian Davies and Eleonore Stump. A reference work , it features a number of writers who provides scholarly essays on the life and views of the Italian Catholic philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas .