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A sediment gravity flow is one of several types of sediment transport mechanisms, of which most geologists recognize four principal processes. These flows are differentiated by their dominant sediment support mechanisms, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] which can be difficult to distinguish as flows can be in transition from one type to the next as they evolve ...
Figure 1: Diagram of Mason–Weaver cell and Forces on Solute. A typical particle of mass m moving with vertical velocity v is acted upon by three forces (Fig. 1): the drag force, the force of gravity and the buoyant force, where g is the acceleration of gravity, V is the solute particle volume and is the solvent density.
The physical process of sedimentation (the act of depositing sediment) has applications in water treatment, whereby gravity acts to remove suspended solids from water. [1] Solid particles entrained by the turbulence of moving water may be removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and oceans.
Settling pond for iron particles at water works. Settling is the process by which particulates move towards the bottom of a liquid and form a sediment.Particles that experience a force, either due to gravity or due to centrifugal motion will tend to move in a uniform manner in the direction exerted by that force.
Type 3 sedimentation is also known as zone sedimentation. In this process the particles are at a high concentration (greater than 1000 mg/L) such that the particles tend to settle as a mass and a distinct clear zone and sludge zone are present. Zone settling occurs in lime-softening, sedimentation, active sludge sedimentation and sludge thickeners.
Gravity settling over several days allows water and solids settle out. Heating crude oil reduces its viscosity aiding further separation of these components. Certain chemicals added to crude oil can act to aid separation. Surfactants help water to separate from the oil. Paraffin thinners allow heavier fractions in the oil to flow more easily.
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.
Sediment transport due only to gravity can occur on sloping surfaces in general, including hillslopes, scarps, cliffs, and the continental shelf—continental slope boundary. Sediment transport is important in the fields of sedimentary geology , geomorphology , civil engineering , hydraulic engineering and environmental engineering (see ...