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Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, [1] is a family of security bugs [2] in the Unix Bash shell, the first of which was disclosed on 24 September 2014.Shellshock could enable an attacker to cause Bash to execute arbitrary commands and gain unauthorized access [3] to many Internet-facing services, such as web servers, that use Bash to process requests.
The term is also used more generally to mean the automated mode of running an operating system shell; each operating system uses a particular name for these functions including batch files (MSDos-Win95 stream, OS/2), command procedures (VMS), and shell scripts (Windows NT stream and third-party derivatives like 4NT—article is at cmd.exe), and ...
Partially recovered files where the original file name cannot be reconstructed are typically recovered to a "lost+found" directory that is stored at the root of the file system. A system administrator can also run fsck manually if they believe there is a problem with the file system. The file system is normally checked while unmounted, mounted ...
In Linux, if the script was executed by a regular user, the shell would attempt to execute the command rm -rf / as a regular user, and the command would fail. However, if the script was executed by the root user, then the command would likely succeed and the filesystem would be erased. It is recommended to use sudo on a per-command basis instead.
On PWB/UNIX and later Unix System III, echo started expanding C escape sequences such as \n with the notable difference that octal escape sequences were expressed as \0ooo instead of \ooo in C. [18] Eighth Edition Unix echo only did the escape expansion when passed a -e option, [ 19 ] and that behaviour was copied by a few other implementations ...
One might be dealing with commands that can only accept one or maybe two arguments at a time. For example, the diff command operates on two files at a time. The -n option to xargs specifies how many arguments at a time to supply to the given command. The command will be invoked repeatedly until all input is exhausted.
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In computing, CHKDSK (short for "check disk") is a system tool and command in DOS and Microsoft Windows (and related operating systems), as well as Digital Research FlexOS, [1] IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS, [2] IBM OS/2. [3] It verifies the integrity of the file system on a volume (usually a partition) and attempts to fix