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Another form of argument is known as modus tollens (commonly abbreviated MT). In this form, you start with the same first premise as with modus ponens. However, the second part of the premise is denied, leading to the conclusion that the first part of the premise should be denied as well.
The military budget argument example is a strong, cogent argument. Non-deductive logic is reasoning using arguments in which the premises support the conclusion but do not entail it. Forms of non-deductive logic include the statistical syllogism , which argues from generalizations true for the most part, and induction , a form of reasoning that ...
A closed-ended question is any question for which a researcher provides research participants with options from which to choose a response. [1] Closed-ended questions are sometimes phrased as a statement that requires a response. A closed-ended question contrasts with an open-ended question, which cannot easily be answered with specific ...
In logic, the logical form of a statement is a precisely-specified semantic version of that statement in a formal system.Informally, the logical form attempts to formalize a possibly ambiguous statement into a statement with a precise, unambiguous logical interpretation with respect to a formal system.
People often have difficulty applying the rules of logic. For example, a person may say the following syllogism is valid, when in fact it is not: All birds have beaks. That creature has a beak. Therefore, that creature is a bird. "That creature" may well be a bird, but the conclusion does not follow from the premises.
An argument from authority [a] is a form of argument in which the opinion of an authority figure (or figures) is used as evidence to support an argument. [1]The argument from authority is a logical fallacy, [2] and obtaining knowledge in this way is fallible.
To ' beg the question ' (also called petitio principii) is to attempt to support a claim with a premise that itself restates or presupposes the claim. [13] It is an attempt to prove a proposition while simultaneously taking the proposition for granted.
These types of questions often require students to analyze, synthesize, or evaluate a knowledge base and then project or predict different outcomes. A simple example of a divergent question is: Write down as many different uses as you can think of for the following objects: (1) a brick, (2) a blanket.