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Sand dune ecology describes the biological and physico-chemical interactions that are a characteristic of sand dunes. Sand dune systems are excellent places for biodiversity, partly because they are not very productive for agriculture, and partly because disturbed, stressful, and stable habitats are present in proximity to each other.
Spinifex is a genus of perennial coastal plants in the grass family. [2] [3] [4] [5]They are one of the most common plants that grow in sand dunes along the coasts of Africa, Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia, with the ranges of some species extending north and west along the coasts of Asia as far as India and Japan. [6]
Uniola paniculata on a sand dune crest at Dr. Von D. Mizell-Eula Johnson State Park, Florida. Uniola paniculata is a tall, erect perennial grass that can grow to 1 to 2 m (3.3 to 6.6 ft) in height. Its long, thin leaves reach lengths of 20 to 40 cm (8 to 15.5 in) and are about 0.6 cm (0.24 in) in width, tapering to a pointed apex.
Star dunes are formed by variable winds, and have several ridges and slip faces radiating from a central point. They tend to grow vertically; they can reach a height of 500 m (1,600 ft), making them the tallest type of dune. Rounded mounds of sand without a slip face are the rare dome dunes, found on the upwind edges of sand seas. [59]
The plant's spread has changed the topography of some California beach ecosystems, especially in sand dunes. The presence of this grass was a major cause of the destruction of native dune habitat in Oregon and Washington during the 20th century, [19] where it was planted precisely for its dune-stabilizing effect. [20]
Cenchrus tribuloides, the dune sandbur, is a grass common along the east coast of the mainland United States as well as Hawaii. It is also known as the sanddune sandbur, [ 1 ] long-spine sandbur or sand-dune sandspur and is common in sandy, marshy, or loosely forested areas.
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He first published this work as a paper in the Botanical Gazette in 1899 ("The ecological relations of the vegetation of the sand dunes of Lake Michigan"). [12] In this classic publication and subsequent papers, he formulated the idea of primary succession and the notion of a sere —a repeatable sequence of community changes specific to ...