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Veṇpā is a closely related family of very strict [6] Tamil verse forms. They differ chiefly in the number of standard lines that occur before the final short line. In kuṟaḷ-veṇpā (or simply "kural") a single 4-foot ("standard") line is followed by a final 3-foot ("short") line, resulting in a 7-foot couplet. [7]
'sacred verses'), or shortly the Kural (Tamil: குறள்), is a classic Tamil language text on commoner's morality consisting of 1,330 short couplets, or kurals, of seven words each. [4] The text is divided into three books with aphoristic teachings on virtue , wealth and love , respectively.
Thirukkural English Couplet: Chennai (Palaniappa Brothers) 2018: 208 pages; ISBN: 978-93-88139-60-1: R. Jayaprakasam: Thirukkural: Text in English & Tamil: Chennai (Porselvi Pathippagam) 2019: Complete—Prose [37] How could he who eat the flesh for proliferation of his own flesh and body be enough compassionate? Pattu M. Bhoopathi
It is one of the most important forms of classical Tamil language poetry. Thiru is a term denoting divine respect, literally meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. Since the work was written in this poetic form, it came to be known as 'Tirukkural', meaning 'sacred couplets'. [7]
The couplets about friendship, hard work, good character, patience, tolerance and confidence will guide them through, even the most difficult of times. Thirukkural will give them the inner strength to withstand any storm." [16] “No other philosophical or religious work has such moral and intellectual approach to problems of life.” [17]
Thus, no translation can perfectly reflect the true nature of any given couplet of the Kural unless read and understood in its original Tamil form. [20] Added to this inherent difficulty is the attempt by some scholars to either read their own ideas into the Kural couplets or deliberately misinterpret the message to make it conform to their ...
Written in High Tamil distich form, it has 38 chapters each containing 10 kurals or couplets, making a total of 380 couplets, all dealing with the fundamental virtues of an individual. Aṟam , the Tamil term that loosely corresponds to the English term 'virtue', correlates with the first of the four ancient Indian values of dharma , artha ...
The Book of Poruḷ, in full Poruṭpāl (Tamil: பொருட்பால்; lit. 'division of wealth' or 'polity'), also known as the Book of Wealth, Book of Polity, the Second Book or Book Two in translated versions, is the second of the three books or parts of the Kural literature, authored by the ancient Indian philosopher Valluvar.