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Shortness of breath out of proportion to effort being expended. [2] [7] Rapid, heavy or uneven breathing, or uncontrollable coughing. [10] Crackles, rattling or ‘junky’ feelings deep in the chest associated with breathing effort – usually progressively worsening with increasing shortness of breath and may be cause for a panic attack [2] [7]
Crackles are more common during the inspiratory than the expiratory phase of breathing, but they may be heard during the expiratory phase. Crackles are often described as fine, medium, and coarse. They can also be characterized as to their timing: fine crackles are usually late-inspiratory, whereas coarse crackles are early inspiratory.
Other signs include end-inspiratory crackles (crackling sounds heard at the end of a deep breath) on auscultation and the presence of a third heart sound. [3] Shortness of breath can manifest as orthopnea (inability to breathe sufficiently when lying down flat) and/or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (episodes of severe sudden breathlessness at ...
Stridor (from Latin 'creaking/grating noise') is an extra-thoracic high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree. It is different from a stertor, which is a noise originating in the pharynx. Stridor is a physical sign which is caused by a narrowed or obstructed airway.
On physical exam, increased breathing rates, increased heart rates, and a low-grade fever 38.5 o C (101.3 o F) are common. [9] [3] Listening to the lungs may reveal crackles in one or both lungs, often starting in the right middle lobe.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
The classic symptoms are shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. [20] The wheezing is most often when breathing out. [109] While these are the primary symptoms of asthma, [110] some people present primarily with coughing, and in severe cases, air motion may be significantly impaired such that no wheezing is heard. [108]
The usual symptom is stridor when a person breathes out. This is usually known as a collapsed windpipe. The trachea normally opens slightly during breathing in and narrows slightly during breathing out. These processes are exaggerated in tracheomalacia, leading to airway collapse on breathing out.