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An initial value problem is a differential equation ′ = (, ()) with : where is an open set of , together with a point in the domain of (,),called the initial condition.. A solution to an initial value problem is a function that is a solution to the differential equation and satisfies
As a simple example, we investigate the properties of the one-dimensional Riemann problem in gas dynamics (Toro, Eleuterio F. (1999). Riemann Solvers and Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics, Pg 44, Example 2.5) The initial conditions are given by
A linear matrix difference equation of the homogeneous (having no constant term) form + = has closed form solution = predicated on the vector of initial conditions on the individual variables that are stacked into the vector; is called the vector of initial conditions or simply the initial condition, and contains nk pieces of information, n being the dimension of the vector X and k = 1 being ...
Boundary value problems are similar to initial value problems.A boundary value problem has conditions specified at the extremes ("boundaries") of the independent variable in the equation whereas an initial value problem has all of the conditions specified at the same value of the independent variable (and that value is at the lower boundary of the domain, thus the term "initial" value).
A plot of Lorenz' strange attractor for values ρ=28, σ = 10, β = 8/3. The butterfly effect or sensitive dependence on initial conditions is the property of a dynamical system that, starting from any of various arbitrarily close alternative initial conditions on the attractor, the iterated points will become arbitrarily spread out from each other.
This is an example of sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Sensitivity to initial conditions means that each point in a chaotic system is arbitrarily closely approximated by other points that have significantly different future paths or trajectories. Thus, an arbitrarily small change or perturbation of the current trajectory may lead to ...
For the equation and initial value problem: ′ = (,), = if and / are continuous in a closed rectangle = [, +] [, +] in the plane, where and are real (symbolically: ,) and denotes the Cartesian product, square brackets denote closed intervals, then there is an interval = [, +] [, +] for some where the solution to the above equation and initial ...
Correspondingly, the solution of the inhomogeneous problem on (−∞,∞) is an odd function with respect to the variable x for all values of t, and in particular it satisfies the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions u(0, t) = 0. Problem on (0,∞) with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and initial conditions