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Al-Andalus (Arabic: الأَنْدَلُس, romanized: al-ʾAndalus) [a] was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.The name refers to the different Muslim [1] [2] states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492.
Rithā’ al-Andalus (Arabic: رثاء الأندلس, variously translated as "An Elegy to al-Andalus" [1] or "Elegy for the fall of al-Andalus" [2]), also known as Lament for the Fall of Seville, is an Arabic qaṣīda nūniyya [3] [4] which is said to have been written by Andalusi poet Abu al-Baqa ar-Rundi in 1267, [2] "on the fate of al-Andalus after the loss, in 664/1266, of several ...
During the unification of al-Andalus in the reign of Abd ar-Rahman before his death in 788, al-Andalus underwent centralization and slow but steady homogenization. The autonomous status of many towns and regions negotiated in the first years of the conquest was reversed by 778, [44] in some cases much earlier (Pamplona by 742, for example).
The prophetic biography Kitab al-anwar (or Libro de las luces) of Abu al-Hasan Bakri—or else the work on which his final redaction was based—was in circulation in al-Andalus in the 12th century, when a translation into Latin was made for the Corpus Cluniacense.
A Jew and a Muslim playing chess in 13th century al-Andalus. Muslims, Christians, and Jews co-existed for over seven centuries in the Iberian Peninsula during the era of Al-Andalus states. The degree to which the Christians and the Jews were tolerated by their Muslim rulers is a subject widely contested among historians.
The taifas (green) in 1031. The taifas (from Arabic: طائفة ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if, meaning "party, band, faction") were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus, that emerged from the decline and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba between 1009 and 1031.
Andalusi Arabic or Andalusian Arabic (Arabic: اللهجة العربية الأندلسية, romanized: al-lahja l-ʿarabiyya l-ʾandalusiyya) was a variety or varieties of Arabic [a] spoken mainly from the 8th to the 15th century in Al-Andalus, the regions of the Iberian Peninsula under the Muslim rule.
Over the centuries, Arabic spread gradually in Al-Andalus, primarily through conversion to Islam. [1] While Alvarus of Cordoba lamented in the 9th century that Christians were no longer using Latin, Richard Bulliet estimates that only 50% of the population of al-Andalus had converted to Islam by the death of Abd al-Rahman III in 961, and 80% by ...