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Present value of benefits (PVB) [1] is a term used in cost-benefit analysis and project appraisal that refers to the discounted sum, or present value, of a stream of benefits associated with a project or proposal.
Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes also called benefit–cost analysis, is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives.It is used to determine options which provide the best approach to achieving benefits while preserving savings in, for example, transactions, activities, and functional business requirements. [1]
Accounting constraints (also known as the constraints of accounting) are the practical limitations and guidelines that influence how financial statements are prepared and interpreted. These constraints acknowledge that ideal accounting practices may need to be adjusted due to factors like the availability of reliable information, the cost of ...
A cost is the cash value of the resource as it is used. For example, an outlay is made when a vehicle is purchased, but the cost of the vehicle is incurred over its active life (e.g., ten years). The cost of the vehicle must be allocated over a period of time because every year of its use contributes to the depreciation of the vehicle's value.
An important part of standard cost accounting is a variance analysis, which breaks down the variation between actual cost and standard costs into various components (volume variation, material cost variation, labor cost variation, etc.) so managers can understand why costs were different from what was planned and take appropriate action to ...
In this case, "employee benefits" includes wages and salaries as well as pensions, life insurance, and other perquisites. The rules in IAS 19 explains the accounting for longer term employee benefits and post employment plans such as defined benefit retirement plans. Accordingly, most of the standard is taken up with explaining the rules for ...
True Cost Accounting (TCA) is an accounting approach that measures and values the hidden impacts of economic activities on the environment, society and health. TCA is also referred to as full cost accounting (FCA) or “multiple capital accounting (MCA)”. [ 1 ]
The cost driver is a factor that creates or drives the cost of the activity. For example, the cost of the activity of bank tellers can be ascribed to each product by measuring how long each product's transactions (cost driver) take at the counter and then by measuring the number of each type of transaction.