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  2. Five Ways (Aquinas) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)

    Biologist Richard Dawkins' book The God Delusion argues against the Five Ways. According to Dawkins, "[t]he five 'proofs' asserted by Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century don't prove anything, and are easily [...] exposed as vacuous." [46] In Why There Almost Certainly Is a God: Doubting Dawkins, philosopher Keith Ward claims that Dawkins ...

  3. List of Christian heresies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_heresies

    Monothelites believed that Christ had only one will, which was divine. [33] Paulicianism: Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism: Paulicianism was a heresy that arose in the 7th century. Paulicians believed that the material world is evil, and the only way to salvation is to reject it. [34]

  4. Kardecist spiritism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardecist_Spiritism

    Agnostic scholar Bart D. Ehrman claims that evidence that early Christians believed in reincarnation is scant. [99] Christian theologian Norman Geisler claims that there is no evidence of reincarnation in the Bible. According to him, the text in John 9:2–3 reflects the rabbinic belief in prenatal sins, according to which a fetus could commit ...

  5. Incarnation (Christianity) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)

    While all Christians believed that Jesus was indeed the Unigenite Son of God, [6] "the divinity of Christ was a theologically charged topic for the Early Church." [ 7 ] Debate on this subject occurred during the first four centuries of Christianity, involving Jewish Christians , Gnostics , followers of Arius of Alexandria, and adherents of Pope ...

  6. Christianity in the 1st century - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st...

    Coming from a Jewish background, early Christians believed in angels (derived from the Greek word for "messengers"). [142] Specifically, early Christians wrote in the New Testament books that angels "heralded Jesus' birth, Resurrection, and Ascension; ministered to Him while He was on Earth; and sing the praises of God through all eternity."

  7. Valentinianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentinianism

    According to the Christian scholar Epiphanius of Salamis, he was born in Egypt and schooled in Alexandria, where the Gnostic Basilides was teaching. However, Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – c. 215), another Christian scholar and teacher, reports that Valentinus was taught by Theudas, a disciple of the apostle Paul. [5]

  8. Early Christianity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Christianity

    The gospel accounts provide insight into what early Christians believed about Jesus. [29] As the Christ or "Anointed One" (Greek: Christos), Jesus is identified as the fulfillment of messianic prophecies in the Hebrew scriptures. Through the accounts of his miraculous virgin birth, the gospels present Jesus as the Son of God. [30]

  9. Christianity in the ante-Nicene period - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante...

    Bart D. Ehrman attributes the rapid spread of Christianity to five factors: (1) the promise of salvation and eternal life for everyone was an attractive alternative to Roman religions; (2) stories of miracles and healings purportedly showed that the one Christian God was more powerful than the many Roman gods; (3) Christianity began as a ...