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The observable universe is thus a sphere with a diameter of about 28.5 gigaparsecs [27] (93 billion light-years or 8.8 × 10 26 m). [28] Assuming that space is roughly flat (in the sense of being a Euclidean space), this size corresponds to a comoving volume of about 1.22 × 10 4 Gpc 3 (4.22 × 10 5 Gly 3 or 3.57 × 10 80 m 3). [29]
Because humans cannot observe space beyond the edge of the observable universe, it is unknown whether the size of the universe in its totality is finite or infinite. [3] [57] [58] Estimates suggest that the whole universe, if finite, must be more than 250 times larger than a Hubble sphere. [59]
Size comparison. Earth. Kepler-37b. Kepler-37b is a sub-Earth, an exoplanet with a radius and mass smaller than Earth. Its equilibrium temperature is 718 K (445 °C; 833 °F). [2] Because of its small size, it is not expected to have an atmosphere. [6] Its radius is approximately 0.31 R🜨 (about 1,980 kilometres (1,230 mi)), [2] slightly ...
e. In physical cosmology, the shape of the universe refers to both its local and global geometry. Local geometry is defined primarily by its curvature, while the global geometry is characterised by its topology (which itself is constrained by curvature). General relativity explains how spatial curvature (local geometry) is constrained by gravity.
25.4 ± 0.2 [102] AD This is the nearest red giant to the Earth, and the fourth brightest star in the night sky. Pollux (β Geminorum) 9.06 ± 0.03 [97] AD The nearest giant star to the Earth. Spica (α Virginis A) 7.47 ± 0.54 [103] One of the nearest supernova candidates and the sixteenth-brightest star in the night sky. Regulus (α Leonis A ...
The expansion of the universe is the increase in distance between gravitationally unbound parts of the observable universe with time. [1] It is an intrinsic expansion, so it does not mean that the universe expands "into" anything or that space exists "outside" it. To any observer in the universe, it appears that all but the nearest galaxies ...
The galactic longitude (l) runs from the Sun upwards in the image through the center of the galaxy. The galactic latitude (b) is perpendicular to the image (i.e. coming out of the image) and also centered on the Sun. The galactic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system in spherical coordinates, with the Sun as its center, the primary ...
The particle horizon, also called the cosmological horizon, the comoving horizon, or the cosmic light horizon, is the maximum distance from which light from particles could have traveled to the observer in the age of the universe. It represents the boundary between the observable and the unobservable regions of the universe, so its distance at ...