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In the case of the number 4, partitions 4 and 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 are conjugate pairs, and partitions 3 + 1 and 2 + 1 + 1 are conjugate of each other. Of particular interest are partitions, such as 2 + 2, which have themselves as conjugate. Such partitions are said to be self-conjugate. [7] Claim: The number of self-conjugate partitions is the same ...
In number theory, Glaisher's theorem is an identity useful to the study of integer partitions.Proved in 1883 [1] by James Whitbread Lee Glaisher, it states that the number of partitions of an integer into parts not divisible by is equal to the number of partitions in which no part is repeated or more times.
The function q(n) gives the number of these strict partitions of the given sum n. For example, q(3) = 2 because the partitions 3 and 1 + 2 are strict, while the third partition 1 + 1 + 1 of 3 has repeated parts. The number q(n) is also equal to the number of partitions of n in which only odd summands are permitted. [20]
Generally, a partition is a division of a whole into non-overlapping parts. Among the kinds of partitions considered in mathematics are partition of a set or an ordered partition of a set, partition of a graph, partition of an integer, partition of an interval, partition of unity, partition of a matrix; see block matrix, and
The first shown partition contains five single-element subsets; the last partition contains one subset having five elements. The traditional Japanese symbols for the 54 chapters of the Tale of Genji are based on the 52 ways of partitioning five elements (the two red symbols represent the same partition, and the green symbol is added for ...
The partition problem - a special case of multiway number partitioning in which the number of subsets is 2. The 3-partition problem - a different and harder problem, in which the number of subsets is not considered a fixed parameter, but is determined by the input (the number of sets is the number of integers divided by 3).
These two types of partition are in bijection with each other, by a diagonal reflection of their Young diagrams. Their numbers can be arranged into a triangle, the triangle of partition numbers , in which the n {\displaystyle n} th row gives the partition numbers p 1 ( n ) , p 2 ( n ) , … , p n ( n ) {\displaystyle p_{1}(n),p_{2}(n),\dots ,p ...
In plain words, e.g., the first congruence means that If a number is 4 more than a multiple of 5, i.e. it is in the sequence 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 29, . . . then the number of its partitions is a multiple of 5. Later other congruences of this type were discovered, for numbers and for Tau-functions.