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CH 3 OH + HI → CH 3 I + H 2 O; CH 3 I + CO → CH 3 COI; CH 3 COI + H 2 O → CH 3 COOH + HI; Two related processes exist for the carbonylation of methanol: the rhodium-catalyzed Monsanto process, and the iridium-catalyzed Cativa process. The latter process is greener and more efficient and has largely supplanted the former process. [19]
The reaction mechanism involves a two-stage radical process: electrochemical decarboxylation gives a radical intermediate, which combine to form a covalent bond. [2] As an example, electrolysis of acetic acid yields ethane and carbon dioxide: CH 3 COOH → CH 3 COO − → CH 3 COO· → CH 3 · + CO 2 2CH 3 · → CH 3 CH 3
HOCH 2 (CH 2) 2 COOH 2-oxobutanoic acid: α-ketobutyric acid: CH 3 CH 2 COCOOH 3-oxobutanoic acid: acetoacetic acid diacetic acid: CH 3 COCH 2 COOH 4-oxobutanoic acid: succinic semialdehyde: OHC(CH 2) 2 COOH butanedioic acid: succinic acid: HOOC(CH 2) 2 COOH 2-methylpropanedioic acid: methylmalonic acid: HOOCCH(CH 3)COOH -butenedioic acid ...
If acetic acid, a weak acid with the formula CH 3 COOH, was made into a buffer solution, it would need to be combined with its conjugate base CH 3 COO − in the form of a salt. The resulting mixture is called an acetate buffer, consisting of aqueous CH 3 COOH and aqueous CH 3 COONa. Acetic acid, along with many other weak acids, serve as ...
Acetic anhydride, or ethanoic anhydride, is the chemical compound with the formula (CH 3 CO) 2 O. Commonly abbreviated Ac 2 O, it is the simplest isolable anhydride of a carboxylic acid and is widely used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is a colorless liquid that smells strongly of acetic acid, which is formed by its reaction with ...
H 2 O is a base because it accepts a proton from CH 3 COOH and becomes its conjugate acid, the hydronium ion, (H 3 O +). [9] The reverse of an acid–base reaction is also an acid–base reaction, between the conjugate acid of the base in the first reaction and the conjugate base of the acid.
CH 3 (CH 2) 4 COOH: Goat fat 7: Enanthic acid: Heptanoic acid: CH 3 (CH 2) 5 COOH: Fragrance 8: Caprylic acid: Octanoic acid: CH 3 (CH 2) 6 COOH: Coconuts: 9: Pelargonic acid: Nonanoic acid: CH 3 (CH 2) 7 COOH: Pelargonium plant 10: Capric acid: Decanoic acid: CH 3 (CH 2) 8 COOH: Coconut and Palm kernel oil: 11: Undecylic acid: Undecanoic acid ...
When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, propan-2-ol for CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3. If a higher priority group is present (such as an aldehyde , ketone , or carboxylic acid ), then the prefix hydroxy- is used, [ 19 ] e.g., as in 1-hydroxy-2 ...