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The .45-70 (11.6x53mmR), also known as the .45-70 Government, .45-70 Springfield, and .45-2 1 ⁄ 10" Sharps, is a .45 caliber rifle cartridge originally holding 70 grains of black powder that was developed at the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory for use in the Springfield Model 1873.
A common approach to product safety involved offering ammunition safe for use in the oldest or weakest firearm chambered for that cartridge. Owners of stronger firearms found and experimented with Hodgdon's previously unknown powders to achieve ballistics superior to available factory ammunition for older cartridges like the 7.92×57mm Mauser. [7]
Common rifle cartridges, from the largest .50 BMG to the smallest .22 Long Rifle with a $1 United States dollar bill in the background as a reference point. This is a table of selected pistol/submachine gun and rifle/machine gun cartridges by common name. Data values are the highest found for the cartridge, and might not occur in the same load ...
Hodgdon's Pyrodex is a widely available substitute for black powder. Pyrodex is less sensitive to ignition than black powder. It also contains more energy per unit of mass than black powder, but is less dense. Therefore, it is often substituted at a 1:1 ratio by volume for black powder. [4]
.45-70 Government.45-90 Sharps.45-70 Auto; 45 Raptor.450 Bushmaster.450 Black Powder Express.450/400 Black Powder Express.450/400 Nitro Express.500/450 Magnum Black Powder Express.450 Marlin.450 Nitro Express.500/450 No 1 Black Powder Express.450 No 2 Nitro Express.454 Casull.500/450 Nitro Express.450 Rigby.450 Dakota.450 Watts Magnum
The .460 S&W, which is a .45 caliber case slight longer than the .500 S&W, takes nearly the same bullets as the .45-70 (.452 vs. .458), and is a virtual twin to the .45-70 performance-wise. Even the guy at S&W who developed the .500 and .460 thinks the .460 is a better hunting cartridge (see here ).
H335 was surplus Olin WC844 [11] for full-charge loads in the .223 Remington and .308 Winchester. [14] H380 was Olin WC852 [11] for full-charge loads in the .30-06 Springfield. [14] H414 was introduced in 1967 [1] for full-charge loads in the .270 Winchester and .30-06 Springfield [14] H450 was for large capacity and magnum rifle cartridges. [14]
According to the US Army Ordnance Department tests, the 45-70-405 was loaded to 19,000 psi, [4] while the 45-70-500 was loaded to 25,000 psi [2] The average accuracy of the Springfield Model 1873 was a circle with an average radius of 1.7 inches at 100 yards, corresponding to an ~3.4 MOA.