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List comprehension is a syntactic construct available in some programming languages for creating a list based on existing lists. It follows the form of the mathematical set-builder notation (set comprehension) as distinct from the use of map and filter functions.
However, the compiler automatically transforms the code so that the list will "silently" receive objects, while the source code only mentions primitive values. For example, the programmer can now write list. add (3) and think as if the int 3 were added to the list; but, the compiler will have actually transformed the line into list. add (new ...
In languages without explicit support, protocols are often still present as conventions. This is known as duck typing. For example, in Python, any class can implement an __iter__ method and be used as a collection. [3] Type classes in languages like Haskell, or module signatures in ML and OCaml, are used for many of the things that protocols ...
Some object-oriented languages such as C#, C++ (later versions), Delphi (later versions), Go, Java (later versions), Lua, Perl, Python, Ruby provide an intrinsic way of iterating through the elements of a collection without an explicit iterator. An iterator object may exist, but is not represented in the source code.
This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
Many widely used languages, such as C++, Java, and Python, provide object-oriented features. Although in the past object-oriented programming was widely accepted, [ 53 ] more recently essays criticizing object-oriented programming and recommending the avoidance of these features (generally in favor of functional programming ) have been very ...
Apache Groovy is a Java-syntax-compatible object-oriented programming language for the Java platform.It is both a static and dynamic language with features similar to those of Python, Ruby, and Smalltalk.
Other programming languages, such as C, C++, and Rust, only use the term "function" irrespective of whether they return a value or not. Some object-oriented languages, such as Java and C#, refer to functions inside classes as "methods".