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Porcelain dish, Chinese Qing, 1644–1911, Hard-paste decorated in underglaze cobalt blue V&A Museum no. 491-1931 [1] Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Hard-paste porcelain, sometimes called "true porcelain", is a ceramic material that was originally made from a compound of the feldspathic rock petuntse and kaolin fired at a very high temperature, usually around 1400 °C.
Hard-paste porcelain was invented in China, and it was also used in Japanese porcelain.Most of the finest quality porcelain wares are made of this material. The earliest European porcelains were produced at the Meissen factory in the early 18th century; they were formed from a paste composed of kaolin and alabaster and fired at temperatures up to 1,400 °C (2,552 °F) in a wood-fired kiln ...
Historic pewter, faience and glass tableware. In recent centuries, flatware is commonly made of ceramic materials such as earthenware, stoneware, bone china or porcelain.The popularity of ceramics is at least partially due to the use of glazes as these ensure the ware is impermeable, reduce the adherence of pollutants and ease washing.
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The word ceramic comes from the Ancient Greek word κεραμικός (keramikós), meaning "of or for pottery" [4] (from κέραμος (kéramos) 'potter's clay, tile, pottery'). [5] The earliest known mention of the root ceram-is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, workers of ceramic, written in Linear B syllabic script. [6]
Soft-paste porcelain (sometimes simply "soft paste", or "artificial porcelain") is a type of ceramic material in pottery, usually accepted as a type of porcelain. It is weaker than "true" hard-paste porcelain, and does not require either its high firing temperatures or special mineral ingredients. There are many types, using a range of materials.
The material used to form an article of pottery. Thus a potter might prepare, or order from a supplier, such an amount of earthenware body, stoneware body or porcelain body. Coiling A hand method of forming pottery by building up the walls with coils of rope-like rolls of clay. Cone See pyrometric cone Crackle glaze
Creamware is made from white clays from Dorset and Devon combined with an amount of calcined flint.This body is the same as that used for salt-glazed stoneware, but it is fired to a lower temperature (around 800 °C as opposed to 1,100 to 1,200 °C) and glazed with lead to form a cream-coloured earthenware. [11]