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The management of scoliosis is complex and is determined primarily by the type of scoliosis encountered: syndromic, congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic. [1] Treatment options for idiopathic scoliosis are determined in part by the severity of the curvature and skeletal maturity , which together help predict the likelihood of progression.
Scoliosis affects 2–3% of the United States population, or about five to nine million cases. [4] A scoliosis (spinal column curve) of 10° or less affects 1.5–3% of individuals. [100] The age of onset is usually between 10 years and 15 years (but can occur younger) in children and adolescents, making up to 85% of those diagnosed.
One to three out of every hundred people have idiopathic scoliosis curves greater than 10° with an equal proportion of boys and girls. One to three out of every thousand people have idiopathic scoliosis curves greater than 30° with a ratio of eight girls for every one boy. [12] Scoliosis is also classified according to the region(s) they affect.
This is done as an effort to prevent injury to the spinal cord [1] in unstable spinal fractures. [2] About 0.5-3% of people with blunt trauma will have a spine injury, [3] [4] with 42-50% of injuries due to motor vehicle accidents, 27-43% from falls or work injuries, and the rest due to sports injuries (9%) or assault (11%).
One study conducted on 20 patients with either scoliosis, kyphosis, or kyphoscoliosis found that the most improvement occurred within the first 3 weeks of treatment. According to this study, the spinal curve had improved by 63.7% during the first two weeks, which decreased to 24.3% at 3 weeks, and to 15.9% at 4 weeks. [ 38 ]
Iliocostal friction syndrome, also known as costoiliac impingement syndrome, is a condition in which the costal margin comes in contact with the iliac crest.The condition presents as low back pain which may radiate to other surrounding areas as a result of irritated nerve, tendon, and muscle structures.
Symptoms, such as pain, numbness, weakness, and disruption in temperature sensation, may be limited to one side of the body. Syringomyelia can also adversely affect sweating, sexual function, and, later, bladder and bowel control. A typical cause of PTS would be a car accident or similar trauma involving a whiplash injury. [citation needed]
Spinal cord injury research seeks new ways to cure or treat spinal cord injury in order to lessen the debilitating effects of the injury in the short or long term. There is no cure for SCI, and current treatments are mostly focused on spinal cord injury rehabilitation and management of the secondary effects of the condition. [ 1 ]