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  2. Ethical calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_calculus

    A formal philosophy of ethical calculus is a development in the study of ethics, combining elements of natural selection, self-organizing systems, emergence, and algorithm theory. According to ethical calculus, the most ethical course of action in a situation is an absolute, but rather than being based on a static ethical code, the ethical code ...

  3. Spinoza's Ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoza's_Ethics

    Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order (Latin: Ethica, ordine geometrico demonstrata) is a philosophical treatise written in Latin by Baruch Spinoza (Benedictus de Spinoza). It was written between 1661 and 1675 [1] and was first published posthumously in 1677. The Ethics is perhaps the most ambitious attempt to apply Euclid's method in

  4. Ethics in mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_in_mathematics

    Ethics in mathematics is an emerging field of applied ethics, the inquiry into ethical aspects of the practice and applications of mathematics. It deals with the professional responsibilities of mathematicians whose work influences decisions with major consequences, such as in law, finance, the military, and environmental science . [ 1 ]

  5. Philosophical views of Bertrand Russell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_views_of...

    Russell's first mathematical book, An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry, was published in 1897. This work was heavily influenced by Immanuel Kant. The book was highly praised but according to the author "far more in fact than it deserved". [7]

  6. Moral realism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_realism

    Moral objectivism is the view that what is right or wrong does not depend on what anyone thinks is right or wrong, [21] but rather on how it affects people's well-being. . Moral objectivism allows for moral codes to be compared to each other through a set of universal f

  7. Metaphysics of Morals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics_of_Morals

    The Doctrine of Right contains the most mature of Kant's statements on the peace project and a system of law to ensure individual and public rights. It expounds fundamental and coercively enforceable principles of external conduct between people, foremost among them being the universal principle of right which states:

  8. Moral absolutism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_absolutism

    Moral absolutism, commonly known as black-and-white morality, is an ethical view that most, if not all actions are intrinsically right or wrong, regardless of context or consequence. Comparison with other ethical theories

  9. History of ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ethics

    Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior". The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology.