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In industrial scale water softening plants, the effluent flow from the re-generation process can precipitate scale that can interfere with sewage systems. [ 3 ] The slippery feeling associated with washing in soft water is caused by the weaker attraction of the soap to the water ions when the water has been stripped of its mineral content.
Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark's process) [1] is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation.
Ion exchange is a method widely used in household filters to produce soft water for the benefit of laundry detergents, soaps, and water heaters. This is accomplished by exchanging divalent cations (such as calcium Ca 2+ and magnesium Mg 2+ ) with highly soluble monovalent cations (e.g., Na + or H + ) (see water softening ).
A system of copper water tubes used in a radiator heating system. A water pipe is a pipe or tube, frequently made of plastic or metal, [a] that carries pressurized and treated fresh water to a building (as part of a municipal water system), as well as inside the building.
The ESPRESSO logic minimizer is a computer program using heuristic and specific algorithms for efficiently reducing the complexity of digital logic gate circuits. [1] ESPRESSO-I was originally developed at IBM by Robert K. Brayton et al. in 1982. [2] [3] and improved as ESPRESSO-II in 1984.
The contact between the vanes and the cavity wall divides up the cavity into "vane chambers" that do the pumping work. On the suction side of the pump, the vane chambers are increased in volume and are thus filled with fluid forced in by the inlet vacuum pressure, which is the pressure from the system being pumped, sometimes just the atmosphere.
Boiler water is liquid water within a boiler, or in associated piping, pumps and other equipment, that is intended for evaporation into steam. The term may also be applied to raw water intended for use in boilers, treated boiler feedwater , steam condensate being returned to a boiler, or boiler blowdown being removed from a boiler.
As magnets affect water to a small degree, and water containing ions is more conductive than purer water, magnetic water treatment is an example of a valid scientific hypothesis that failed experimental testing and is thus disproven. Any products claiming to utilize magnetic water treatment are absolutely fraudulent. [1]