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The siege of Medina lasted from 10 June 1916 to 10 January 1919, when Hejazi Arab rebels surrounded the Islamic holy city, which was then under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire joined the war on the side of the Central Powers under the leadership of the Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed V .
Medina was never taken by the Hashemite forces, and the Ottoman commander, Fakhri Pasha, only surrendered Medina when ordered to by the Turkish government on 9 January 1919. [75] The total number of Ottoman troops bottled up in Medina by the time of the surrender were 456 officers and 9,364 soldiers.
The Ottoman Empire was one of the Central Powers of World War I, allied with the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria.It entered the war on 29 October 1914 with a small surprise attack on the Black Sea coast of Russia, which prompted Russia to declare war on 2 November 1914.
Turkish War of Independence; Part of the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in the aftermath of World War I: Clockwise from top left: Delegation gathered in Sivas Congress to determine the objectives of the Turkish National Movement; Turkish civilians carrying ammunition to the front; Kuva-yi Milliye infantry; Turkish horse cavalry in chase; Turkish Army's capture of Smyrna; troops in Ankara's Ulus ...
Middle Eastern theatre of World War I; Part of World War I: From left to right: The Ottoman Shaykh al-Islām who declared Jihad against the Entente Powers; Burning oil tanks in the port of Novorossiysk after the Ottoman Empire's strike on Russian ports; Fifth Army during the Gallipoli Campaign; Third Army on the Caucasus campaign; The heliograph team of the Ottoman army in the Sinai and ...
The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918 (2009). Herweg, Holger H., and Neil Heyman. Biographical Dictionary of World War I (1982). Hubatsch, Walther. Germany and the Central Powers in the World War, 1914– 1918 (1963) online Archived 16 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine; Jarausch, Konrad Hugo.
Turkey committed 8 of 173 aircraft in the NATO force, [6] flew 2.2 percent of sorties [7] Dayton Agreement, deployment of NATO-led IFOR; Süleyman Demirel: Tansu Çiller: Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1997) KDP Turkey: PUK PKK: Ceasefire . Peace treaty between the KDP and the PUK; Süleyman Demirel: Necmettin Erbakan. Mesut Yılmaz. Kosovo War (1998 ...
In Turkey, it is regarded as a defining moment in the history of the state, a final surge in the defence of the motherland as the Ottoman Empire retreated. The campaign became the basis for the Turkish War of Independence and the declaration of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , who rose to prominence as a commander ...