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Citation analysis to detect plagiarism is a relatively young concept. It has not been adopted by commercial software, but a first prototype of a citation-based plagiarism detection system exists. [28] Similar order and proximity of citations in the examined documents are the main criteria used to compute citation pattern similarities.
Direct evidence of actual copying by a defendant rarely exists, so plaintiffs must often resort to indirectly proving copying. [1] [page needed] Typically, this is done by first showing that the defendant had access to the plaintiff's work and that the degree of similarity between the two works is so striking or substantial that the similarity could only have been caused by copying, and not ...
Citation-based plagiarism detection (CbPD) [36] relies on citation analysis, and is the only approach to plagiarism detection that does not rely on the textual similarity. [37] CbPD examines the citation and reference information in texts to identify similar patterns in the citation sequences. As such, this approach is suitable for scientific ...
Turnitin, an internet-based plagiarism detection service, emerged as a digital platform in 1995 and quickly dominated the market. [80] Turnitin serves more than 30 million students worldwide across over 10,000 institutions in 135 countries, and has been utilized by over 1.6 million instructors. [81]
A plagiarism concern arises when there is evidence of systematic copying of the diction of one or more sources across multiple sentences or paragraphs. In addition, when dealing with non-free sources, be sure that any appropriated creative expressions are marked as quotations.
A subset is citation plagiarism – willful or negligent failure to appropriately credit other or prior discoverers, so as to give an improper impression of priority. This is also known as, "citation amnesia", the "disregard syndrome" and "bibliographic negligence". [15] Arguably, this is the most common type of scientific misconduct.
Because everyone can use it, copy it, and re-use it freely, it can't contain restricted, copyrighted material. You probably know that copying-and-pasting from a book or website and claiming it as your own work is plagiarism. That's the most egregious example, but it isn't the only one. The stakes of plagiarism are high.
Facts cannot be copyrighted. Titles of people or publications cannot be copyrighted. Text and illustrations prepared by the U.S. government are not copyrighted; they are in the public domain and can be used without permission, but to avoid plagiarism a citation is required indicating their source.
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