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Direct evidence of actual copying by a defendant rarely exists, so plaintiffs must often resort to indirectly proving copying. [1] [page needed] Typically, this is done by first showing that the defendant had access to the plaintiff's work and that the degree of similarity between the two works is so striking or substantial that the similarity could only have been caused by copying, and not ...
Citation analysis to detect plagiarism is a relatively young concept. It has not been adopted by commercial software, but a first prototype of a citation-based plagiarism detection system exists. [28] Similar order and proximity of citations in the examined documents are the main criteria used to compute citation pattern similarities.
Plagiarism is taking credit for someone else's writing as your own, including their language and ideas, without providing adequate credit. [1] The University of Cambridge defines plagiarism as: "submitting as one's own work, irrespective of intent to deceive, that which derives in part or in its entirety from the work of others without due acknowledgement."
Because everyone can use it, copy it, and re-use it freely, it can't contain restricted, copyrighted material. You probably know that copying-and-pasting from a book or website and claiming it as your own work is plagiarism. That's the most egregious example, but it isn't the only one. The stakes of plagiarism are high.
[citation needed] Many have called for a reevaluation of higher learning away from a focus on grades and credentials towards a more holistic approach. [88] One such recommendation outlined by scholars is to turn students towards revision as opposed to plagiarism detection. [89]
Citation-based plagiarism detection (CbPD) [36] relies on citation analysis, and is the only approach to plagiarism detection that does not rely on the textual similarity. [37] CbPD examines the citation and reference information in texts to identify similar patterns in the citation sequences. As such, this approach is suitable for scientific ...
A subset is citation plagiarism – willful or negligent failure to appropriately credit other or prior discoverers, so as to give an improper impression of priority. This is also known as, "citation amnesia", the "disregard syndrome" and "bibliographic negligence". [15] Arguably, this is the most common type of scientific misconduct.
Porter: (a) whether copying occurred (as opposed to independent creation), and (b) whether the copying amounts to an "improper appropriation", meaning that enough of the author's protected expression (and not unprotected ideas) was copied to give rise to a "substantial similarity" between the original work and the putative copy.
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