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Pentelic marble is calcitic in composition with quartz as an accessory mineral. It is fine grained with sporadic calcitic fossil clasts . [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Pentelic marble is divided into 3 units distinguishable by δ 13 C and δ 18 O values. δ 13 C and δ 18 O values have been used to precisely match marbles from the Acropolis to their source quarries.
The Parthenon frieze is the high-relief Pentelic marble sculpture created to adorn the upper part of the Parthenon's naos. It was sculpted between c. 443 and 437 BC, [1] most likely under the direction of Phidias. Of the 160 meters (524 ft) of the original frieze, 128 meters (420 ft) survives—some 80 percent. [2]
The relief is made of Pentelic marble, and it is 2,20 m. tall, 1,52 m. wide, and 15 cm thick. [4] It depicts the three most important figures of the Eleusianian Mysteries; the goddess of agriculture and abundance Demeter, her daughter Persephone queen of the Underworld and the Eleusinian hero Triptolemus, the son of Queen Metanira, [3] [4] in what appears to be a rite. [1]
Lorenzo Bartolini, (Italian, 1777–1850), La Table aux Amours (The Demidoff Table), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, Marble sculpture. Marble has been the preferred material for stone monumental sculpture since ancient times, with several advantages over its more common geological "parent" limestone, in particular the ability to absorb light a small distance into the surface before ...
The Elgin Marbles (/ ˈ ɛ l ɡ ɪ n / ELG-in) [1] [2] are a collection of Ancient Greek sculptures from the Parthenon and other structures from the Acropolis of Athens, removed from Ottoman Greece and shipped to Britain by agents of Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, and now held in the British Museum in London.
Marble is a metamorphic rock consisting of carbonate minerals (most commonly calcite (CaCO 3) or dolomite (CaMg(CO 3) 2) that have recrystallized under the influence of heat and pressure. [1] It has a crystalline texture, and is typically not foliated ( layered ), although there are exceptions.
The Penteli mountains were renowned in Classical Greece as well as in the Roman Empire as a source of "Pentelic" marble, notably used to build the Parthenon and the Tower of the Winds. The Romans constructed a 140-foot water tower and aqueduct to supply water to the city of Athens. Penteli is the site of the ancient town of Pentele. [5]
They were carved on practically square Pentelic marble slabs: 1.20 meters high for a variable width, but averaging 1.25 meters. Originally, the block of marble measured 35 centimeters thick: the sculptures were made in high relief, even in very high relief at the edge of the round-bump, standing out about 25 centimeters.
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