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  2. Aluminium alloy inclusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_alloy_inclusions

    Chloride inclusions (MgCl 2, NaCl, CaCl 2, …) are a special type of inclusion as they are liquid in liquid metal. When aluminium solidifies, they form spherical voids similar to hydrogen gas porosity but the void contains a chloride crystal formed when aluminium became colder.

  3. Aluminium chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_chloride

    Aluminium chloride, also known as aluminium trichloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula AlCl 3. It forms a hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H 2 O) 6 ]Cl 3 , containing six water molecules of hydration .

  4. Allen–Cahn equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen–Cahn_equation

    A numerical solution to the one dimensional Allen-Cahn equation. The Allen–Cahn equation (after John W. Cahn and Sam Allen) is a reaction–diffusion equation of mathematical physics which describes the process of phase separation in multi-component alloy systems, including order-disorder transitions.

  5. Aluminium compounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_compounds

    Such solutions are acidic as this cation can act as a proton donor, progressively hydrolysing to [Al(H 2 O) 5 (OH)] 2+, [Al(H 2 O) 4 (OH) 2] +, and so on. As pH increases these mononuclear species begin to aggregate together by the formation of hydroxide bridges, [ 2 ] forming many oligomeric ions, such as the Keggin ion [Al 13 O 4 (OH) 24 (H 2 ...

  6. Segregation (materials science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregation_(Materials...

    In materials science, segregation is the enrichment of atoms, ions, or molecules at a microscopic region in a materials system. While the terms segregation and adsorption are essentially synonymous, in practice, segregation is often used to describe the partitioning of molecular constituents to defects from solid solutions, [1] whereas adsorption is generally used to describe such partitioning ...

  7. Metal ions in aqueous solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_ions_in_aqueous_solution

    A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+. The solvation number , n , determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table .

  8. List of unsolved problems in physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    The following is a list of notable unsolved problems grouped into broad areas of physics. [1] Some of the major unsolved problems in physics are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining a certain observed phenomenon or experimental result.

  9. Eshelby's inclusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eshelby's_inclusion

    A transformation strain changes the shape and size of the inclusion. In continuum mechanics, Eshelby's inclusion problem refers to a set of problems involving ellipsoidal elastic inclusions in an infinite elastic body. Analytical solutions to these problems were first devised by John D. Eshelby in 1957. [1] [2]