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A branch of the logarithm is a continuous function L(z) giving a logarithm of z for all z in a connected open set in the complex plane. In particular, a branch of the logarithm exists in the complement of any ray from the origin to infinity: a branch cut. A common choice of branch cut is the negative real axis, although the choice is largely a ...
In computer science, a binary decision diagram (BDD) or branching program is a data structure that is used to represent a Boolean function. On a more abstract level, BDDs can be considered as a compressed representation of sets or relations. Unlike other compressed representations, operations are performed directly on the compressed ...
The product logarithm Lambert W function plotted in the complex plane from −2 − 2i to 2 + 2i The graph of y = W(x) for real x < 6 and y > −4. The upper branch (blue) with y ≥ −1 is the graph of the function W 0 (principal branch), the lower branch (magenta) with y ≤ −1 is the graph of the function W −1. The minimum value of x is ...
The idea of a tree of life arose from ancient notions of a ladder-like progression from lower into higher forms of life (such as in the Great Chain of Being).Early representations of "branching" phylogenetic trees include a "paleontological chart" showing the geological relationships among plants and animals in the book Elementary Geology, by Edward Hitchcock (first edition: 1840).
Lineage (evolution) – Sequence of populations, organisms, cells, or genes that form a line of descent; Molecular phylogenetics – Branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences; Most recent common ancestor – Most recent individual from which all organisms in a group are directly descended
Edward Hitchcock's fold-out paleontological chart in his 1840 Elementary Geology. Although tree-like diagrams have long been used to organise knowledge, and although branching diagrams known as claves ("keys") were omnipresent in eighteenth-century natural history, it appears that the earliest tree diagram of natural order was the 1801 "Arbre botanique" (Botanical Tree) of the French ...
The following MATLAB code will plot the root locus of the closed-loop transfer function as varies using the described manual method as well as the rlocus built-in function: % Manual method K_array = ( 0 : 0.1 : 220 ). ' ; % .' is a transpose.
The most common formulation of a branching process is that of the Galton–Watson process.Let Z n denote the state in period n (often interpreted as the size of generation n), and let X n,i be a random variable denoting the number of direct successors of member i in period n, where X n,i are independent and identically distributed random variables over all n ∈{ 0, 1, 2, ...} and i ∈ {1 ...