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The reflex, controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system, involves three responses: pupil constriction, lens accommodation, and convergence. A near object (for example, a computer screen) subtends a large area in the visual field, i.e. the eyes receive light from wide angles. When moving focus from a distant to a near object, the eyes converge.
Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil between 1.5 mm and 8 mm, [1] via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. A constriction response , [2] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti-hypertension medications.
Whereas, the pupil is the passive opening formed by the active iris. Pupillary reflex is synonymous with pupillary response, which may be pupillary constriction or dilation. Pupillary reflex is conceptually linked to the side (left or right) of the reacting pupil, and not to the side from which light stimulation originates.
The pupillary reflex results in the pupil constricting (left) and dilating (right) These include the pupillary light reflex and accommodation reflex . Although the pupillary response , in which the pupil dilates or constricts due to light is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic.
The Neurological Pupil index, or NPi, is an algorithm developed by NeurOptics, Inc., that removes subjectivity from the pupillary evaluation. A patient's pupil measurement (including variables such as size, latency, constriction velocity, dilation velocity, etc.) is obtained using a pupillometer, and the measurement is compared against a normative model of pupil reaction to light and ...
With aberrant nerve regeneration, the pupil will remain fixed, but it will constrict with attempted near vision. The constriction will be abnormal (“tonic”). Late in the course of Adie syndrome, the pupil becomes small (as all pupils do with old age).
Pharyngeal reflex — also known as the gag reflex. Photic sneeze reflex — a sneeze caused by sudden exposure to bright light. Plantar reflex — in infants up to 1 year of age, a curling of the toes when something rubs the ball of the foot. Pupillary accommodation reflex — a reduction of pupil size in response to an object coming close to ...
The size of the eye differs among adults by only 1-2 mm. The eyeball is generally less tall than it is wide. The sagittal vertical (height) of a human adult eye is approximately 23.7 mm (0.93 in), the transverse horizontal diameter (width) is 24.2 mm (0.95 in) and the axial anteroposterior size (depth) averages 22.0–24.8 mm (0.87–0.98 in ...