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Clay pipe dating is the act of dating clay tobacco pipes found at archaeological sites to specific time periods. Pipe bowl found in Kent , southeast England. The circular hole through the tube is slightly off-centre and measures 3.36mm in diameter, and would suggest a rough date of c.1610 AD.
Under several owners, the factory manufactured pipes through the peak of clay pipe manufacturing, around 1919, and until the business was sold at public auction in 1938. The post-1938 owners changed the focus of the company to novelty and souvenir pipes and retail sale of local home industry handmade pipes, but were unable to make a profit.
Motifs or symbols were in many cases stamped or incised into the clay pipe, depicting such things as stars, ships, boats, tobacco plants, hearts, humans, animals and geometric shapes. In some cases, white clay had been used to fill in these shapes, making them stand out far more against the red clay that made up the rest of the pipe.
Once the site of the most prolific clay tobacco pipe makers in Britain, exporting worldwide, the works were abandoned in the 1950s. Pipeworks bottle kiln. The museum preserves the details of the industry of clay tobacco pipe making and has a display of clay tobacco pipes, including the Churchwarden and Dutch Long Straw pipes. [1]
Eduard Bird (or Edward/Evert Burt; c. 1610 – 20 May 1665) was an English tobacco pipe maker who spent most of his life in Amsterdam. His life has been reconstructed by analysis of public registers, probate records, and notary and police records, by historians such as Don Duco and Margriet De Roever from the 1970s onwards. [1]
Forming the pipe involved making them in moulds with the bore created by pushing an oiled wire inside the stem. The preferred material was pipeclay or "tobacco pipe clay", which fires to a white colour and is found in only certain locations. In North America, many clay pipes were historically made from more typical terracotta-coloured
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The remains of many clay pipes were found, often with the "EB" maker's mark of Eduard Bird (c. 1610–65) of Amsterdam. [17] [18] The site was in continual use and artifacts recovered include 1830s creamware or pearlware and 1860s copper bottom coffee pot remnants.