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The hydroxyl radical, Lewis structure shown, contains one unpaired electron. Lewis dot structure of a Hydroxide ion compared to a hydroxyl radical. In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron.
This is because radical-pairs (specifically singlets) are quantum entangled, even as separate molecules. [1] More fundamental to the radical-pair mechanism, however, is the fact that radical-pair electrons both have spin, short for spin angular momentum, which gives each separate radical a magnetic moment. Therefore, spin states can be altered ...
Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and consequently short-lived; however, they form an important part of radical chemistry. Most notably hydroxyl radicals are produced from the decomposition of hydroperoxides (ROOH) or, in atmospheric chemistry , by the reaction of excited atomic oxygen with water.
The ground state is a triplet radical with two unpaired electrons (X̃ 3 B 1), [10] and the first excited state is a singlet non-radical (ã 1 A 1). With the singlet non-radical only 38 kJ above the ground state, [10] a sample of methylene exists as a mixture of electronic states even at room temperature, giving rise to complex reactions. For ...
A free-radical reaction is any chemical reaction involving free radicals. This reaction type is abundant in organic reactions . Two pioneering studies into free radical reactions have been the discovery of the triphenylmethyl radical by Moses Gomberg (1900) and the lead-mirror experiment [ 1 ] described by Friedrich Paneth in 1927.
In polymer chemistry, radical polymerization (RP) is a method of polymerization by which a polymer forms by the successive addition of a radical to building blocks (repeat units). Radicals can be formed by a number of different mechanisms, usually involving separate initiator molecules .
As an odd-electron species, CH is a radical. The ground state is a doublet (X 2 Π). The first two excited states are a quartet (with three unpaired electrons) (a 4 Σ −) and a doublet (A 2 Δ). The quartet lies at 71 kJ/mol above the ground state. [5] Reactions of the doublet radical with non-radical species involves insertion or addition ...
During attempts to prepare the even more sterically congested hydrocarbon hexaphenylethane, he correctly identified the triphenylmethyl radical, the first persistent radical to be discovered, and is thus known as the founder of radical chemistry. The work was later followed up by Wilhelm Schlenk.