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  2. Radical (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)

    The hydroxyl radical, Lewis structure shown, contains one unpaired electron. Lewis dot structure of a Hydroxide ion compared to a hydroxyl radical. In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron.

  3. Radical clock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_clock

    [3] [4] The Arrhenius equation can then be applied to calculate the rate constant for a specific temperature at which the radical clock reactions are conducted. When using a radical clock to study a reaction, there is an implicit assumption that the rearrangement rate of the radical clock is the same as when the rate of that rearrangement ...

  4. Hydroxyl radical - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl_radical

    Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and consequently short-lived; however, they form an important part of radical chemistry. Most notably hydroxyl radicals are produced from the decomposition of hydroperoxides (ROOH) or, in atmospheric chemistry, by the reaction of excited atomic oxygen with water.

  5. Benson group increment theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benson_group_increment_theory

    Heats of formations are intimately related to bond-dissociation energies and thus are important in understanding chemical structure and reactivity. [2] Furthermore, although the theory is old, it still is practically useful as one of the best group-contribution methods aside from computational methods such as molecular mechanics. However, the ...

  6. nth root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nth_root

    The positive integer n is called the index or degree, and the number x of which the root is taken is the radicand. A root of degree 2 is called a square root and a root of degree 3, a cube root . Roots of higher degree are referred by using ordinal numbers , as in fourth root , twentieth root , etc.

  7. Nested radical - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_radical

    In the case of two nested square roots, the following theorem completely solves the problem of denesting. [2]If a and c are rational numbers and c is not the square of a rational number, there are two rational numbers x and y such that + = if and only if is the square of a rational number d.

  8. Sulfanyl - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfanyl

    Sulfanyl (HS •), also known as the mercapto radical, hydrosulfide radical, or hydridosulfur, is a simple radical molecule consisting of one hydrogen and one sulfur atom. . The radical appears in metabolism in organisms as H 2 S is detoxif

  9. Glossary of chemical formulae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemical_formulae

    Chemical formula Synonyms CAS number CAgO carbonylsilver: CCl 2 F 2: dichlorodifluoromethane freon-12: 75-71-8 CCl 4: carbon tetrachloride tetrachloromethane: 56-23-5 C(CN) 4: tetracyanomethane: 24331-09-7 CFCl 3: trichlorofluoromethane freon-11: 75-69-4 CFCl 2 CF 2 Cl: chlorotrifluoromethane freon-13: 75-72-9 CHCl 3: chloroform ...