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The Birch reduction is an organic reaction that is used to convert arenes to 1,4-cyclohexadienes.The reaction is named after the Australian chemist Arthur Birch and involves the organic reduction of aromatic rings in an amine solvent (traditionally liquid ammonia) with an alkali metal (traditionally sodium) and a proton source (traditionally an alcohol).
Anisole, or methoxybenzene, is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 OC 6 H 5. It is a colorless liquid with a smell reminiscent of anise seed, and in fact many of its derivatives are found in natural and artificial fragrances .
Arthur John Birch, AC CMG FRS FAA (3 August 1915 – 8 December 1995) was an Australian organic chemist. [1] [2] [3] [4]Birch developed the Birch reduction of aromatic rings (by treatment with lithium metal and ammonia) which is widely used in synthetic organic chemistry.
Cyclohexenone is obtained by Birch reduction of anisole followed by acid hydrolysis. It can be obtained from cyclohexanone by α-bromination followed by treatment with base. Hydrolysis of 3-chloro cyclohexene followed by oxidation of the cyclohexenol is yet another route.
The one ingredient used in all recipes of birch beer is birch sap. Most recipes use some fermentation, but the amount of alcohol in the beverage depends on the brand. [citation needed] The process of fermenting birch syrup is done using baker's yeast. [6] The process of fermentation is done to decompose sugar to alcohol.
The Birch reduction, also called the "Nazi method", became popular in the mid-to-late 1990s and comprised the bulk of methamphetamine production in Michigan in 2002. [106] It reacts pseudoephedrine with liquid anhydrous ammonia and an alkali metal such as sodium or lithium. The reaction is allowed to stand until the ammonia evaporates. [114]
The remaining waxy mass is known as a concrete, which is a mixture of essential oil, waxes, resins, and other lipophilic (oil-soluble) plant material, since these solvents effectively remove all hydrophobic compounds in the raw material. The solvent is then removed by a lower temperature distillation process and reclaimed for re-use.
Anisyl alcohol (4-methoxybenzyl alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 OC 6 H 4 CH 2 OH. [1] It is a colorless liquid that is used as a fragrance and flavorant. It occurs naturally but is produced by reduction of the aldehyde or carboxylic acid. [2] It reacts with hydrogen bromide to give 4-methoxylbenzyl bromide. [3]