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The shape of a state is determined by the political boundaries and geography that determine its territory, and that shape impacts the politics and economies of the state. [1] The six categories of state shapes are: compact; elongated or attenuated; fragmented; prorupted or protruded; perforated; and compound or complex. [2] [3] [4]
France is the most deforested country in Europe, with only 15% of the native vegetation remaining. Deforestation in Bolivia, 2016. Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment , causing population fragmentation and ecosystem decay. [2]
Also called range fragmentation, disjunct distributions may be caused by changes in the environment, such as mountain building and continental drift or rising sea levels; it may also be due to an organism expanding its range into new areas, by such means as rafting, or other animals transporting an organism to a new location (plant seeds consumed by birds and animals can be moved to new ...
In political geography, an enclave is a piece of land belonging to one country (or region etc.) that is totally surrounded by another country (or region). An exclave is a piece of land that is politically attached to a larger piece but not physically contiguous with it (connected to it) because they are completely separated by a surrounding foreign territory or territories.
Population fragmentation causes inbreeding depression, which leads to a decrease in genetic variability in the species involved. [4] This decreases the fitness of the population for several reasons. First, inbreeding forces competition with relatives, which decreases the evolutionary fitness of the species. [ 4 ]
A wildlife corridor in Brazil.. A wildlife corridor, also known as a habitat corridor, or green corridor, [1] is a designated area that connects wildlife populations that have been separated by human activities or structures, such as development, roads, or land clearings.
Dispersed settlement or Streusiedlung in Brülisau, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Switzerland. A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.
Final products may be sold to outside the region in which fragmentation happens: for example, East Asian countries often sell their final products to Europe and the USA. Producers in less developed countries operate in positions within a production chain which add less value to final product. Their challenge is to "climb upwards" on the ...